User:Mr. Ibrahem/Polycystic kidney disease

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD, PCKD) is a genetic disorder that results in many cysts growing within the kidneys. They may form before birth, during childhood, or in adulthood. When cysts develop before birth growth failure or breathing problems may occur. Otherwise symptoms may include flank pain, blood in the urine, and headaches. Complications may include kidney failure, high blood pressure, liver cysts, aortic aneurysm, and cerebral aneurysm.

It occurs as a result of a genetic mutation. Generally this is inherited from a persons parents though may rarely occur spontaneously during early development. The cysts form from non-functioning tubules that have fluid pumped into them. There are two types autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). The diagnosis maybe confirmed by medical imaging or genetic testing.

There is no cure. Treatment may include lifestyle changes and medications to reduce blood pressure such as ACE inhibitors. Kidney failure may be managed with dialysis or kidney transplant. About 30% of those with ARPKD die within the first few weeks of life. More than half of people with ADPKD develop kidney failure by the age of 70.

PKD affects about half a million people in the United States. ADPKD affects about 1 in 700 people and ARPKD affects about 1 in 20,000 children. Males and females are affected equally frequently The condition was first described in the 16th and 17th centuries.