User:Mr. Ibrahem/Polycythemia vera

Polycythemia vera (PCV) is a disorder in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells, and occasionally white blood cells and platelets. Symptoms may include itchiness, headaches, blurry vision, burning pain in the hands or feet, and reddish skin. Complications can include blood clots, myelofibrosis, hyperviscosity syndrome, and leukemia.

More than 90% of cases are due to a mutation of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene in a group of blood forming cells. This occurs after birth and for an unclear reason. This results in increased sensitivity to growth factors. It is a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm. Diagnosis is based based on a complete blood cell count, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing after ruling out other causes of polycythemia.

Treatment consists removing blood and aspirin. Other measures include a healthy lifestyle. In older people or those with a higher risk of blood clots hydroxyurea, interferon, busulfan may be recommended. Occationally removal of the spleen is required. Life expectancy is around 18 months without treatment and 14 years with treatment.

The condition is uncommon, affected about 5 per 10,000. The typical age of onset is 60 and the condition is rare under the age of 20. Males and females are affected with similar frequency. The condition was first described in 1892.