User:Mr. Ibrahem/Post-concussion syndrome

Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) is symptoms after a concussion – a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI); though, most use the term only when symptoms are prolonged. Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, irritability, trouble sleeping, or cognitive difficulties. Complications may include depression, anxiety, and medication overuse headaches.

While typically it occurs after a mild traumatic brain injury, it can also occur after moderate or severe injuries. Risk factors include mental health problems, multiple concussions, and history of migraines. Diagnosis is based on symptoms after ruling out other potential causes. The definition of prolonged or persistent symptoms varies from more then 10 days to more then 3 months. A loss of consciousness is not required for diagnosis.

Prevention involves encouraging return to physical activity after, at most, a day or two of rest. Less demanding academic work is reasonable for the initial 5 days after injury. While no specific treatments, symptoms can be improved with medications, such as NSAIDs; and physical or behavioral therapy. Return to contact sports is not recommended until symptoms are gone. The majority of cases resolve after a couple of weeks; though occasionally may last months or years.

Post-concussion syndrome affects 30 to 80% of people after a concussion. In about 15–20% the symptoms last beyond 4 weeks. Females are more commonly affected than males. The condition has been described since at least the 1800s with the current term coming into use in 1934.