User:Mr. Ibrahem/Postcoital bleeding

Postcoital bleeding (PCB) is vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse that is not related to menstruation. While typically painless, in about 15% of cases pain is present. Often those affected also have abnormal uterine bleeding including intermenstrual bleeding.

Before menopause common causes include cervical ectropion (33%), cervical or endometrial polyps (5% to 18%), infections including sexually transmitted infection, injury, and pregnancy. After menopause the most common cause is vaginal atrophy. It may also be an early signs of cervical or endometrial cancer (7 to 17% of cases). Other causes include endometriosis and a malpositioned intrauterine device. Diagnosis involves examination of the vagina and cervix, pregnancy testing, taking swabs, and sometimes a biopsy. Other tests may include ultrasound, Pap smear, and colposcopy.

Treatment depends on the cause. Silver nitrate may be used to treat cervical ectropion, while cervical polyps can be removed. In more than half of people without a clear cause, symptoms resolve within six month. Referral is recommended to a gynecologist if the condition persists beyond this. Postcoital bleeding is common, affected around 5% to 10% of females. Due to the association with sexual assault, this should be asked about.