User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pulmonary valve stenosis

Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is a type of heart valve disease in which there is narrowing of the pulmonary valve opening. Affected children often have no symptoms. When symptoms develop these may include syncope, chest pain, or shortness of breath.

The most common cause is congenital heart disease such as tetralogy of Fallot and Noonan syndrome. Other causes include carcinoid syndrome. The narrowing may occur at, above, or below the valve and results in obstruction of blood flow to the pulmonary artery. Diagnosis may be suspected based on a systolic murmur and confirmed by ultrasound of the heart.

Treatment may may include balloon valvuloplasty and valve replacement. Outcomes are generally good. At birth it affected about 4 per 1,000 people. It accounts for around 10% of heart deformities present at birth. Initial descriptions of the condition at birth date from 1761 by John Baptist Morgagni. Surgical repair was first carried out in 1953.