User:Mr. Ibrahem/Renal cell cancer

Renal cell cancer (RCC) is a type of kidney cancer that arises from the tubules of the kidney. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, flank pain, an abdominal mass, and weight loss. It may spread to lymph nodes, lungs, liver, adrenal glands, brain or bones. Complications may include high blood calcium, high red blood cells, amyloidosis, and liver dysfunction.

The cause is usually unknown. Risk factors include obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease, exposure to certain chemicals, and kidney stones. It is associated with a number of genetic conditions including Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Diagnosis is generally by medical imaging and biopsy.

Management depends on the stage of the cancer. Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is a central part of treatment. Other treatments may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or arterial embolization. The five-year survival varies from 90% to 5% depending on the stage of the cancer.

Renal cell cancer occurred in more than 363,000 people globally in 2018 and 74,000 people in the United States in 2020. Males are affected more often than females. The most common age of onset is between 50 and 70. It represents more than 90% of cancers that start in the kidneys, with transitional cell carcinoma being the next most common. While the first description of kidney cancer dates to 1613 by Daniel Sennert, the first renal cell cancer was described in 1810 by Miril.