User:Mr. Ibrahem/Rumination syndrome

Rumination syndrome is a disorder characterized by effortless regurgitation of most meals following eating. There is generally no retching, little nausea, and the food is undigested. There may be some abdominal discomfort immediately following eating. The condition is long-term in nature. Complications may include malnutrition, weight loss, electrolyte problems, enamel breakdown, and bad breath.

The cause is unknown. The condition may begin following a trigger such as psychological stress or gastroenteritis. The underlying mechanism involves subconscious contraction of the muscles around the abdomen together with relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms after ruling out other potential causes; an esophageal motility study may be used in unclear cases. Other conditions that may appear similar include GERD, achalasia, gastroparesis, and bulimia.

Treatment is effective in most people. Measures generally include biofeedback and diaphragmatic breathing. Patient education and reassurance are also important. Other measures may include baclofen or Nissen's fundoplication, but these are less preferred. Nasogastric tube feeding may be required in those who are malnourished.

Rumination syndrome is uncommon, affecting about 0.8% of people. Of those with fibromyalgia or an eating disorder, 10% may be affected. Among children, females are more commonly affected than males. The condition was first described in 1618 in people.