User:Mr. Ibrahem/Stress incontinence

Stress incontinence is a form of urinary incontinence in which their is involuntary leakage of urine with normal activities such as coughing or exercise. Quality of life may be negatively effected. It may occur together with urge incontinence, which is known as mixed incontinence.

Risk factors include pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, and treatment of prostate cancer. The underlying mechanism is weakness of the pelvic floor or urethral sphincter at the bladder outlet. Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, examination, cough stress test, measuring the amount of urine remaining after urination, and urinalysis.

Stress incontinence may be treated with pelvic floor exercises, a pessary, medications, injections around the urethra, or surgery. Pelvic floor exercises are effective in about 60% of women at one year, while surgery is effective in about 85% of women. Medications that may be used include phenylpropanolamine and after menopause estrogen.

Stress incontinence is the most common type of incontinence. It affects about 24% to 45% of women over 30 years. About half of pregnant women are affected; however, symptoms generally resolve within a year of delivery. Younger women may also be affected.