User:Mr. Ibrahem/Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is a group of conditions that result in pain and dysfunction of the muscles that move the jaw and the jaw joint. The most common symptoms are pain in the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. Other symptoms may include joint sounds, decreased ability to move the jaw, stiffness, and pain in the face or neck. While it does not result in complications the condition may be long term.

In most cases the cause is unclear. A number of theories have been put forwards including injury, osteoarthritis, muscular, neurological, and psychological. Diagnosis is based on symptoms following ruling out other potential causes.

Recommended measures include eating soft food, using an ice pack, NSAIDs, and a bite guard. Physical therapy and stress management may also be useful. The use of bite guards; however, should not be long term. The use of surgery should be avoided. Outcomes are generally good.

Up to 40% of people are affected to some degree and about 4% of adults are newly affected each year. It is the second most frequent cause of orofacial pain after toothaches. The most common age of those affected is 30 to 40. Women appear to be more commonly affect than men. The first modern described was in 1814, though discuss of the problem date back to Ancient Egypt.