User:Mr. Ibrahem/Thoracic aortic aneurysm

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is an aortic aneurysm that occurs above the diaphragm. Initially there are generally no symptoms. Occasionally chest pain, shortness of breath, superior vena cava syndrome, or hoarseness may occur. Complications may include aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation, or aortic rupture.

Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, family history of the condition, bicuspid aortic valve, and connective-tissue disorders. About 20% of those affected have a family history. Less common causes include syphilis, arteritis, and following major trauma. Diagnosis is generally by CT scan.

Management often involves the use of beta blockers. Angiotensin-converting enzymes and statins may also be used. Surgery to replace the aorta is recommended when it becomes larger than 5.0 cm to 6.5 cm. Those with complications may require immediate surgery. Five-year survival following planned surgery is 85%, while in those who require immediate surgery it is less than 40%.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm newly occurs in about 1 in 10,000 people a year. About 0.25% of people are currently affected. Males are affected more often than females. Detection most commonly occurs in peoples 50s and 60s. It is less common than abdominal aortic aneurysm. The condition was first described in the 1500s by Andreas Vesalius. Successful surgery was first completed in 1953.