User:Mr. Ibrahem/Thrombophlebitis

Thrombophlebitis is a inflammation of a vein due to a blood clot. Most commonly the leg is effected. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and hardening of the vein. In infected fever and low blood pressure may also occur. Complications may include pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome.

The most common types are superficial thrombophlebitis and deep vein thrombosis. When it occurs repeatedly in different locations, it is known as migratory thrombophlebitis, and is associated with cancer. When it affects the breasts it is known as Mondor disease. When it is infected it is known as septic thrombophlebitis.

Risk factors include deceased mobility, recent surgery, pregnancy, birth control pills, cancer, obesity, varicose veins, family history, and at site of an intravenous insertion. The underlying mechanism may involve poor blood flow, increased blood clotting, and damage to a vein. Diagnosis is generally by ultrasound.

Small clots in superficial vein may resolve on their own. Measures for discomfort, such as NSAIDs and keeping the leg raised, may help. Blood thinners, such as heparin, warfarin, or apixaban, are also frequently used. Occasionally a vena cava filter or alteplase may be used. Those over the age of 60 are more commonly affected.