User:Mr. Ibrahem/Toremifene

Toremifene, sold under the brand name Fareston among others, is a medication primarily used to treat advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It may also be used to prevent prostate cancer. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include hot flashes, sweating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding. It can also cause blood clots, irregular heartbeat, cataracts, visual disturbances, elevated liver enzymes, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. High blood calcium levels can occur in women with bone metastases.

The medication is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and hence is a mixed agonist–antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER), the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It has estrogenic effects in bone, the liver, and the uterus and antiestrogenic effects in the breasts. It is a triphenylethylene derivative and is closely related to tamoxifen.

Toremifene was approved for medical use in Europe in 1996 and the United States in 1997. It was the first antiestrogen to be introduced since tamoxifen in 1978. It is available as a generic medication in the United States. In the United Kingdom a month of medication costs the NHS about £30. This amount in the United States costs about 325 USD.