User:Mr. Ibrahem/Transverse myelitis

Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammation of the spinal cord. Symptoms depend on the level of the cord affected. Symptoms may include weakness or numbness of the limbs, bowel or bladder problems, lower back pain, and muscle spasms. Onset can be over hours to weeks. Complications may include breathing problems.

The cause is unknown in 60% of cases. Other cases occurring following various infections, immune system disorders, or other inflammatory disorders. In certain cases the underlying mechanism is believed to involve autoantibodies. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and supported by MRI and lumbar puncture. Other conditions that may present similarly include multiple sclerosis, lupus, and vitamin B12 deficiency.

Treatment may include corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and cyclophosphamide. Pain medication such as ibuprofen or naproxen may be used. After a period of bed rest, physical therapy may be useful. While some recover completely others are left with permanent disabilities. Recovery can take up to three years.

Transverse myelitis is rare, occurring in about 4 per million people a year. Males and females are affected equally frequently. Those between the ages of 10 and 20 and 30 to 40 are most commonly affected. The condition was first described in 1882 by the English neurologist Henry Bastian.