User:Mr. Ibrahem/Tricuspid insufficiency

Tricuspid insufficiency (TI), also known as tricuspid regurgitation (TR), is a type of valvular heart disease in which there is backward flow of blood from the right ventricle, through the tricuspid valve, into the right atrium, when the heart contracts. Early on few symptoms may be present. Later on heart failure may develop with peripheral swelling, liver enlargement, and ascites. Other complications may include atrial fibrillation.

Causes include dilation of the right ventricle, such as from pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, or after a heart attack. Other causes include infective endocarditis, hyperthyroidism, Ebstein anomaly, rheumatic heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, connective tissue disorder, lupus, pulmonary valve stenosis, and certain medications such as fenfluramine. The diagnosis may be suspected based on a systolic murmur and confirmed by an ultrasound of the heart.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the severity. In those with left-sided heart failure furosemide and salt restriction may be recommended. Tricuspid valve surgery may be recommended in those with severe disease with significant symptoms or when repairing other valves. In cases were the valve is infected it may be removed without immediate replacement. Outcomes are generally good.

Triscuspid insufficiency is relatively common. The percentage of people newly affected per year is about 0.9% in the United States. Males and females are affected equally frequently. Surgery to replace the tricuspid valve was first described in 1963.