User:Mr. Ibrahem/Tuberous sclerosis

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a genetic disorder that results in the growth of non-cancerous tumours in the brain and other organs such as the heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. Common symptoms include seizures, intellectual disability, developmental delay, behavioral problems, and autism. Onset of problems is often in the first year of life; though may occur later. Complications may include kidney and lung problems.

It is caused by a mutation of either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, which code for the protein hamartin and tuberin, respectively. While it may be inherited from a person's parents in an autosomal dominant manner, most cases occur as new mutations during early development. These proteins are believed to be tumor growth suppressors. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and supported by medical imaging. It may also be confirmed by genetic testing.

There is no cure, with treatment being supportive in nature. Efforts may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and behavioral therapy. Antiepileptic medication, such as vigabatrin, may be used for seizures. Long-term outcomes are variable and depends on the severity of the symptoms.

Tuberous sclerosis may affect up to 2 million people worldwide. In the United States it affects about 1 in 6,000 children; while it is a somewhat less common in Europe. Males and females are affected with similar frequency. It was first described by French neurologist Désiré-Magloire Bourneville in 1880. The name refers to the irregular swellings in the brains, that maybe shaped like potatoes.