User:Mr. Ibrahem/Urothelial carcinoma

Urothelial carcinoma, previously called transitional cell carcinoma, is a type of cancer that can occur anywhere along the urinary tract. This includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, and urethra. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, back pain, weight loss, or pain with urination.

Risk factors include smoking, aromatic amines, arsenic, aristolochic acid, Schistosoma haematobium, and genetic disorders such as Lynch syndrome. They develop from the transitional epithelium. The diagnosis is generally confirmed by cystoscopy and biopsy.

Treatment often include surgery. Other options may include chemotherapy or laser surgery. If the cancer remains localized a cure if often possible. Multiple areas of the urinary tract; however, may be affected and there is a risk of reoccurrence. Spread may also occur to lymph nodes, lung, liver, or bone.

Urothelial carcinomas make up about 12.5% of cancer cases. Males are more commonly affected than females. They are the most common cancer of the urinary tract, representing more than 90% of bladder cancers and about 7% of kidney cancers. They are the second most common reason for death from genitourinary cancers.