User:Mr. Ibrahem/Vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a vitamin D level that is below normal. Symptoms may include muscle pain, weakness, and muscle contractions, though most have no symptoms. In children it can result in rickets, a disease where the bones fail to properly mineralize. In adults it can result in osteomalacia, and possibility osteoporosis, with an increased risk of bone fractures. While low levels of vitamin D are associated with many other conditions, it is unclear if these associations are causal.

Causes of vitamin D deficiency include inadequate sunlight exposure, decreased dietary intake, kidney problems, or decreased absorption from the gut. Other risk factors include liver disease and certain genetic disorders. Diagnosis is based on a blood 25(OH)D level of less than 50 to 75 nmol/L (20 to 30 ng/ml). Testing those without symptoms is of unclear benefit, and thus is not recommended.

The general use of vitamin D supplements is not recommended. Treatment of low levels is generally with vitamin D taken by mouth. Dietary sources include oily fish, mushrooms, and egg yolks. Milk and other foods may be fortified with vitamin D in some areas of the world. Calcium and phosphate deficiency may also require correction.

About 20 to 40% of people have vitamin D deficiency, while severe deficiency occurs in 6 to 13%. This; however, is based on blood tests rather than any associated negative health effects. It occurs more commonly in the young and the old. Vitamin D deficiency, in the form of rickets, has been described since 1645.