User:Mr.tayyabsaleem/sandbox

Criticism on motivation theories Hierarchy of needs theory: 	Maslow do not provide empirical study.No one empirical investigation support the maslow hierarchy of need theory.Glayton Alderfer criticise on maslow theory and says that human needs base on three needs like 1. Existence 2. Relatedness 3. Growth, gives the EGR theory. 	Research is also not supported the ERG theory because individual focus on these three theories simultaneously. 	Maslow hierarchy of needs fails to illustrate and expand upon the difference between the social and intellectual needs of those raised in individualistic societies and those raised in collectivist societies.The needs and drives of those in individualistic societies tend to be more self centered than those in collectivist societies,focus on improvement of the self,with self actualization being the apex of self improvement.In collectivist societies,the needs of acceptance and community will outweigh the needs for freedom and individuality.

Theory X and Theory Y: 	No evidence is available to confirm the assumptions of theory X and theory Y. 	Lack of empirical support for theory X and theory Y. 	They take no account of gender,age,culture,religious or other factor differences. 	The theory assume that our workplace are the places where our needs and personal development is met,but they ignore the importance of our lives and their impact on our work lives.

Herzberg two factor theory: 	Procedure is limited that the Herzberg used,when every thing is ok,people show that base on intrinsic environment but failure base on extrinsic environment. 	Methodology is difficult, one response treated in one manner but the other response in different. 	Overall result is not use, for example if one person dislike a part of job so our perception about whole job. 	Theory does not allow for individual differences,such as particular personality traits,which would affect individuals unique responses to motivating or hygiene factors. 	Herzberg research is base on samples from engineers and accountants only.

Mcclelland theory of needs: 	Less practical effect than the others. 	Difficult to measures these three need 1. Need for achievement 2. Need for power 3. Need for affiliation. 	Trained expert are required to measures the level of need of individual. 	Measuring the needs is time consuming and expensive.