User:Mr Serjeant Buzfuz/sandbox

CBA
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/harpers-disrespect-for-the-supreme-court-harms-the-workings-of-government/article18478269/

http://www.macleans.ca/society/life/barrister-boom-and-bust/

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/proposed-communism-monument-would-put-justice-under-a-shadow/article23628775/

http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/watching-the-spywatchers-canadas-spy-review-boards-members-free-to-have-business-links-to-other-nations


 * http://articles.latimes.com/1987-01-23/news/mn-890_1_high-mulroney
 * http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1987/Scandal-Over-Defense-Contract-Has-Mulroney-s-Government-on-Defensive/id-92ebfbb2dffd53d37c1703fd48e3d798
 * http://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/25/world/scandal-imperils-mulroney-s-hold.html


 * http://pgnewspapers.pgpl.ca/fedora/repository/pgc%3A1987-01-30-05/OCR/Full%20Text%20OCR

Helpful wikipedians

 * User:Orange mike
 * User:Cullen 328
 * User:Bear Cat
 * User: Galo btter
 * User: Wiki pedant
 * User: Michael D Turnbull

Episode 1: The Great Lone Land
The Great Lone Land sets the stage for the series. It opens with Sir John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada, speaking at a political picnic about the need to build a railway to British Columbia, under Canadian control and entirely through Canadian territory. Macdonald argues that the railway is essential for Canada to gain control of the north-west and British Columbia, protecting the west from American annexation. Contrasting Macdonald's position, the scene shifts to the country estate of an unnamed American railway magnate, who explains to George McMullen that it is the Manifest Destiny of the United States to acquire all of Canada.

The episode introduces the major political players: Macdonald, Sir George-Étienne Cartier and Charles Tupper for the Conservatives; Alexander Mackenzie, Edward Blake and Lucius Seth Huntington for the Liberals; and Donald Smith, independent MP from Manitoba. It also features three of the surveyors: Sandford Fleming, the Dominion Engineer with overall responsibility for the initial survey and design;  Walter Moberly, who discovers Eagle Pass and correctly predicts it will be the route for the overland railway; and Robert Ryatt, one of the surveyors who keeps a diary of his experiences and the land they are traversing. Various First Nations individuals are depicted, in non-speaking parts.

This episode also introduces the most important part of the entire story: the land itself, which is almost a character in the story. Berton outlines the three mountain ranges that the railway must cross: the Rockies, with some known passes, such as the Yellowhead Pass and the Howse Pass;  the interior Selkirks, with no passes known at that time;  and the Gold Range, later known as the Monashee Mountains, with Eagle Pass. The episode ends with foreshadowing of the great political fight which will soon engulf the Conservative government. Macdonald is starting to drink again and his wife, Lady Agnes Macdonald, does her best to protect him.

Episode 2: The Pacific Scandal
The Pacific Scandal brings down the first Macdonald government. Macdonald and his Quebec lieutenant, Sir George-Étienne Cartier, had made a deal with Sir Hugh Allan of Montreal, owner of a major shipping line, to build the railway. In return, Allan had provided funding for the Conservative candidates in the 1872 federal election. Possibly unknown to Macdonald, Allan has a secret deal with American financiers for the funding of the railway, which is contrary to Macdonald and Cartier's insistence that the railway be under Canadian control. George McMullen, the go-between for the Americans to Allan, attempts to blackmail Macdonald over stolen letters which reveal Allan's links to the American financiers. Macdonald refuses to be blackmailed.

The scandal is broken in Parliament by Lucius Seth Huntington, a Liberal MP. Fueled by gin, Macdonald makes the speech of his life to defend his government, but is countered by a dispassionate, thorough rebuttal from Edward Blake of the Liberals. Donald Smith, an influential MP from Manitoba, announces that he cannot support the government. With Smith against him, Macdonald knows he will lose if the matter goes to a confidence vote. Macdonald and his Cabinet resign the next day. Mackenzie takes office as prime minister and wins the general election of 1874. Is Macdonald's political career over? Will the railway be built?

Episode 3: The Horrid BC Business
Alexander Mackenzie, the new Prime Minister of Canada, has come to power opposing the use of taxes from eastern Canada to build the railway, but finds that position is inconsistent with the government's obligation to British Columbia. Edward Blake, a possible rival to Mackenzie for the leadership of the Liberals, resigns from Cabinet over the railway. In a major political speech at Aurora, Ontario, Blake suggests that British Columbians should consider separation if they are not satisfied with the government's slow pace in building the railway. Mackenzie eventually coaxes him back into Cabinet.

The Governor General, Lord Dufferin, intervenes, and suggests that he propose arbitration of the issue to the British Columbia government. He also suggests bringing in the Colonial Office in Britain to try to resolve the dispute. Mackenzie and Blake are adamantly opposed to British interference in the internal affairs of Canada. The Prime Minister and the Governor General almost come to blows.

There is also discord in the Department of Public Works, which has been given the job of building the railway piecemeal, by tendering separate contracts for different portions of the proposed line. Mackenzie has taken on the position of Minister of Public Works himself, but is not able  to delegate, and over-works himself. Sandford Fleming, the chief engineer, is at odds with Marcus Smith, a surveyor from British Columbia, over the possible route for the railway. Smith advocates for a terminus on Bute Inlet and then a series of bridges to Vancouver Island, which Fleming considers an impossibly complex route. However, Fleming's own proposed route, down the Fraser canyon, also poses difficult engineering challenges.

Mackenzie, worn down by the promise to build the railway and the clamour of political friends for railway contracts, defends himself in the House of Commons, but in the privacy of his office mutters to himself, "That damned railroad. If we could just get out."

Episode 4: The Great Debate
The episode opens with one of the most raucous parliamentary exchanges in Canadian history: just before the dissolution of Parliament for the 1878 election, Donald Smith enters into a vigorous debate with John A. Macdonald and Charles Tupper in the House of Commons about the events which led to the fall of the Macdonald government in 1873. As the members of the Commons are being summoned to the Senate to hear the formal announcement of dissolution by the Governor General, an incensed Macdonald charges across the floor of the Commons at Smith. Restrained by Tupper, Macdonald yells at Smith, "I could lick him quicker than Hell could scorch a feather!"

Macdonald and his Conservatives win the 1878 election and are returned to power. Determined to build the railway, Macdonald turns to the St Paul Syndicate: a group of Canadian railway entrepreneurs who have earned a tremendous profit revitalizing and building the St Paul and Pacific Railroad in Minnesota. They are headed by George Stephen, President of the Bank of Montreal; Jim Hill, an expatriate Canadian businessman in Minnesota: and ironically, Donald Smith, who is Stephen's cousin and a co-investor in the St Paul railway. Macdonald's colleague, John Henry Pope, advises Macdonald to "catch them before they invest their profits." Stephen drives a hard bargain with Macdonald. In exchange for building the all-Canadian route across the unprofitable section north of Lake Superior, Stephen insists on having a monopoly in western Canada for twenty years. Macdonald agrees, even though he knows that the monopoly will mean that "the West will hate us forever."

After the Government of Canada and the Syndicate sign the contract in 1880, Macdonald must get a bill passed by Parliament to ratify it. Tupper needs an entire day just to persuade the Conservative caucus to support the bill. Macdonald makes a major speech, defending the contract as essential to ensure that the west remains in Canadian control and that Canada can expand across the continent. Macdonald believes that if Canada fails to build the railway, all of Canada would eventually be annexed by the United States. It takes two months, including rowdy all-night sessions of the Commons, but eventually the bill passes in February, 1881. The way is clear for the Canadian Pacific Railway Company to begin work on the railway.

Episode 5: The Railway General
At last, the railway is being built, but with a significant change in its route. Sanford Fleming had planned a northern route, through the fertile belt of the Saskatchewan River and the Yellowhead Pass, but at a meeting in St Paul, Minnesota, George Stephen and James Hill change the route, shifting it hundreds of miles south, to go through the Palliser area. Why? The reasons are not clear. It may have been that Hill wants it closer to the American boundary, to tie into his own American railway system. It may have been because land speculators had already been buying land in the northern fertile belt, which would drive up costs. Whatever the reason, the route of the CPR defines the settlement of the Prairie provinces.

But who would build the railway? In 1881, the first year of construction, only 100 miles of track were laid. Hill recommends William van Horne, an experienced railway man from the United States, to build the "world's most difficult railway". It was said that there was no job on a railway that Van Horne could not do, from driving a spike to running a locomotive. But at a meeting in St Paul in the fall of 1881, Van Horne gets the clear impression Hill wants Van Horne to condemn the Lake Superior route as unbuildable, so Hill would instead get the traffic from the Canadian west on his Minnesota railway line. Stephen and Van Horne instead agree on the Lake Superior route. Hill resigns within a year.

Railway construction at that time was famous for corruption and land speculation. Van Horne is different. General Rosser was the first chief engineer of the CPR. When Van Horne catches Rosser in land speculations, he fires Rosser on the spot.

In 1882, Van Horne begins to build the railway in earnest. Instead of building different sections across the Prairies and linking them up, he starts the line in Winnipeg and builds steadily westward, telescoping out. All supplies go through Winnipeg to the "end of track", which is constantly moving west, never stopping for more than a few hours at a time. It is a major logistics operation. Every day, enough materials to build at least a half mile of track arrive at the end of track. Eventually the navvies are building three to five miles of track a day. They are paid two and a half dollars a day.

In the early planning for 1882, Van Horne's assistant, Mr Secretan, suggests that they could lay 400 miles of track, ending the season at "Moosejawbone". Van Horne's target is 500 miles. That year, the CPR lays 417 miles of the main line, 28 miles of siding, and 100 miles of branch line. They also grade 20 miles of the route for the next year.

On July 28, 1882, as the "end of track" nears Calgary, the crews lay 6.38 miles of completely finished track in one day. It takes 16,000 ties and 2,000 rails, weighing 600 tons. The navvies work for 14 hours, with approximately 8,400 blows per hammer man, to pound in 63,000 spikes. It is a record for manual track laying that is never beaten.

New towns spring up along the course of the railway: Indian Head, Moose Jaw, Medicine Hat, and Calgary. The CPR can decide where settlements would grow up. When a farmer in Manitoba demands more money for his land, the CPR simply moves the station to a different location, determining where Brandon would be. When land speculators buy land in Qu'Appelle, the CPR moves its main station to Wascana, which became Regina. Even the Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Territories, Edgar Dewdney, is subject to the CPR. When he buys land at Wascana, the CPR locates the station away from his land.

As the railway is built and settlers begin to move into the west, one perceptive observer, the missonary Father Lacombe, knows that it will have tremendous impact on the First Nations of the west. He fears that the culture of the Cree and the Blackfoot will be swept away.

It is not just Father Lacombe who sees the implications. The First Nations themselves have been watching the railway being built, crossing their territory. There are reports of First Nations individuals pulling up survey stakes, and Secretan tells Van Horne that he has ordered anyone pulling up stakes to be shot on sight. Van Horne countermands him, telling Secretan that it is a very short-sighted order.

One of the most influential First Nations leaders is Chief Crowfoot, of the Blackfoot confederacy. He is well-known for his political skills, eloquence, and charity. He has previously signed the treaty with the Canadian government. He knows what the railway will bring. When the "end of track" reaches his reserve near Calgary, he comes to inspect it with a party of his band. Van Horne hears of it and orders work to stop. No-one wants a repeat of the battle of Little Big Horn in Canada. Van Horne asks Father Lacombe to act as mediator. The First Nations debate what to do, listening to Crowfoot and also to Father Lacombe. Eventually, they request that the right of way be moved away from their territory and that the lieutenant-governor grant them additional lands, which is done.

As a reward for defusing the situation, the CPR makes Father Lacombe the president of the company for two hours. He promptly issues two lifetime passes: one to himself, to enable him to travel throughout the west on his missionary work, and one to Crowfoot. Van Horne invites Father Lacombe to dine with him in his personal railway car. As they chat, Father Lacombe asks Van Horne how he manages to keep such a complex operation going. Van Horne says that he has always divided issues into things that need his attention, and things that need his undivided attention. Father Lacombe asks what is currently needing his attention, and Van Horne refers to the railway's financial problems. "And your undivided attention?" asks Father Lacombe. Van Horne growls: "Those mountains, Father.  They're in my way."

Cast and Production Crew
a Non-speaking role.

Special Advisers
 * Omer Lavallée
 * Alex Price
 * Canadian Pacific

Acknowledgements
 * Alberta Provincial Museum and Archives
 * Archives of Alberta Pollard Collection
 * Archives of Ontario
 * Canadian Pacific
 * Ernest Brown Collection
 * Glenbow - Alberta Institute
 * George Eastman House
 * Heritage Park, Calgary
 * Lennox & Addington Historical Society
 * McCord Museum
 * Minnesota Historical Society
 * National Museum of Science & Technology
 * Parkwood, Oshawa
 * Province of Manitoba Provincial Archives
 * Provincial Archives of British Columbia
 * Public Archives of Canada
 * Saskatchewan Archives Board
 * United Church Archives
 * Upper Canada Village
 * Vancouver Public Library

re-released video cassette 2003

Curio.ca

Crown counsel

 * Federal: Crown Counsel https://www.ppsc-sppc.gc.ca/eng/pub/fpsd-sfpg/fps-sfp/tpd/p2/index.html
 * Alberta: Crown prosecutors https://www.alberta.ca/alberta-crown-prosecution-service.aspx
 * BC: Crown counsel https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/justice/criminal-justice/bc-prosecution-service/crown-counsel-policy-manual
 * Manitoba: Crown Attorney https://www.gov.mb.ca/justice/crown/prosecutions/role.html
 * New Brunswick: Crown Prosecutor https://www2.gnb.ca/content/dam/gnb/Departments/ag-pg/PDF/en/PublicProsecutionOperationalManual/Policies/Interpretation.pdf
 * N&L: Crown Attorney:  https://www.justice.gov.nl.ca/just/prosecutions/pp_guide_book.pdf
 * NWT: Crown Counsel
 * Nova Scotia: Crown Attorney https://novascotia.ca/pps/crown_manual.asp
 * Nunavut: Crown Counsel
 * Ontario: Crown attorney https://www.ontario.ca/document/crown-prosecution-manual/words-and-phrases
 * Prince Edward Island: Crown attorney https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/publications/guide_book_of_policies_and_procedures_for_the_conduct_of_criminal_prosecutions.pdf
 * Quebec: procureurs aux poursuites criminelles et pénales http://www.dpcp.gouv.qc.ca/carriere/index.aspx
 * Yukon: Crown Counsel

Volume 82 Issue 2, June 2001, pp. 223-252 › ‘A Growing Necessity for Canada’: W. L. Morton's Centenary Series and the Forms of National History, 1955-80

province of Canada
Political deVelopments - 1st Parliament


 * Bilingual speaker - Marsh article
 * Act for publishing laws in both languages
 * Sydenham - central bank
 * Sydenham - attempt to create "governor's party" to avoid responsible Govt
 * Lafontaine-Baldwin ministry
 * District councils
 * Year-long standoff
 * Resignation of all but one
 * 1842 election axt
 * 1841 political violence

Legacy
 * bilingualism
 * responsible Govt
 * separate schools - Scott Act
 * Indian Act
 * provincial notes act
 * bank act?
 * Grand Trunk
 * Canals
 * Confederation

To Do (Canada East)
 * re-org each article's boundaries section
 * add notes for by-elections to tables in each article as needed
 * delete extra lines in info-boxes in each article
 * Saint Maurice - table of Members
 * Champlain - table of members
 * Three Rivers - members table
 * check formatting re BNA /CA 67 in Abolition
 * Côté should be Political Appointments
 * add Canada East to infobox
 * create Canada in the abolition sections of each article
 * add Parliament template: { {Parliament of the Province of Canada} }

L. A. Johnson, “The Halton by-election, March, 1850: a politician’s view,” Ont. Hist., LX (1968), 147–48

I. A. Stewart, “The 1841 election of Dr. William Dunlop as member of parliament for Huron County,” OH, XXXIX (1947), 51–62.

1st Canadian parliament
Map:

http://ftp.geogratis.gc.ca/pub/nrcan_rncan/raster/atlas_5_ed/eng/peopleandsociety/politicalgeography/mcr4093.jpg

Articles for révision

 * Horace Harvey
 * Louis-Joseph Papineau
 * Military Voters Act
 * Wartime Elections Act
 * Women's Suffrage Act
 * White v. Kuzych Modern law review, 1968, Vol.31, p.9
 * White Hard Man to Beat
 * White v. Kuzych The Sydney law review, 1965, Vol.5, p.472

New articles

 * arbitration BNA Act 1867: http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1902/1902_45.html
 * [1910] UKPC 44
 * the ship Imo (Halifax): http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1920/1920_27.html
 * marriag rference (1912)
 * rferences refrnce (1912)
 * empress of ireland https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1919/1919_124.html
 * Ottawa school litigation [1919 UKPC 98], [1916] ukpc 93, 92
 * Divorce jurisdiction [1919 UKPC 58]; http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1919/1919_60.html [1919 ] UKPC 60; s v s (bc)
 * Tennant v union bank jcpc - bank act security
 * Malvina Despatie v. Napoléon Tremblay	[1921] UKPC 20
 * The Minister of Finance v. Cecil R. Smith, 1926 jcpc - taxation of illicit profits
 * HBC precious minerals https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1928/1928_83.html
 * Records of Myron Kuzych are held by Simon Fraser University's Special Collections and Rare Books
 * JCPC Ontario boundary reference
 * statcan - date of oc re boundaries
 * Russell resolutions

Articles

 * William Melville Martin
 * Charles Avery Dunning

Certiorari
In Canada, the writ of certiorari was part of the common law inheritance from Britain. The Canadian court system was modelled on the English courts, and British public law was incorporated for the British North American colonies, including Quebec.

"Evocation" is the Quebec equivalent to certiorari, created by mendmetns ot the Code of Civil Proceedure. It combines the principles fo certiorari with the prerogative writ of prohibition.

CA67 - Repealed provisions
There is some uncertainty whether certain provisions of the Constitution Act, 1867 have been repealed as a result of three Statute Law Revision Acts passed by the British Parliament in 1893, 1927 and 1950. The issue is whether those repeals were solely for the purposes of British domestic law, or also applied to the Constitution Act, 1867 as in force in Canada. Different views have been expressed on this issue. The 1893 Statute Law Revision Act appeared to repeal several provisions of the British North Act, 1867 which were spent. The 1927 Act repealed the British NOrth America Act, 1916, and a provision of the British North America Act, 1915. The 195# Act repealed a provision of the British North America Act, 1867.

No notice appears to have been taken of these British Acts initially in Canada. When the federal Parliament reprinted the Constitution Act, 1867 in the Revised Statutes of Canada 1906 and the Revised Statutes of Canada 1927, the Act was printed in full, without any amendments from the Statute Law Revision Acts of 1893 and 1927. The possiblity that the Statute Law Revision Acts has amended the British NOrth Atmerica Act, 1867 as a matter of Canadian law appears to have been raiseed for the first time by F.R. Scott, a professor of constitutional law at McGill Law School. He accepted that the 1893 Act had amended the British North America Act, 1867, without any consultation by the British government with Canada, and argued that the episode was an indication of the need for Canada to have complete control over its own constitution. Another scholar, Paul Gérin-Lajoie, took a more nuanced view, questioning whether a statute revision in Britain would affect the British North America Act, 1867 in Canada. He indicated that he had researched the British Archives for the 1893 Act and found no indication that the British government had consulted the Canadian government on the 1893 amendments. In the Revised Statutes of 1952, the federal Parliament included the three Statute Law Revision Acts in the list of constitutional amendments. In 196#, the Favreau White Paper on the amendment of the Constitution stated that the three British Sstatute Law Rvision Acts had amended the Constitution, and in the Revised Statutes of 1970 and 1985, the federal Parliament incorporated the amendments into the text of the British North America Act, 1867, apparently accepting that the British Acts had amended the Cosntitution of Canada. Subsequently, two other commentators have questioned whether the Btitsh Acts did amend the British Nroth America Acts for the purposes of Canadian law. One commentator argues that the 1893 Act did not have any effect in Canada, and therefore the Constitution Act, 1867 continues to contain the provisions repealed by that Act. . Another commentator argues that the 1893 Act did take effect, based on the specific wording of the 1893 Act as applyint outside of Britain, but that the 1927 and 1950 Acts did not apply outside of Britain, particuarly since there was no request by Canada to have them do so, as required by the constitutional convention recognised by the Balfour Declaration of 1926.

No court has ruled on the issue, but the Supreme Court in the Refeerence re Resolution to Amend the Constitution, the majority on the convention issue noted that there had not been any consultiaton by the British government with the Canadian governemtn, citing Guerin-Lajoie's text.

Asimov

 * Part I: The Earth and Away
 * "Life's Bottleneck" (April 1959)
 * "No More Ice Ages?" (January 1959)
 * "Thin Air" (December 1959)
 * "Catching Up with Newton" (December 1958)
 * "Of Capture and Escape" (May 1959)
 * Part II: The Solar System
 * "Catskills in the Sky" (August 1960)
 * "Beyond Pluto" (July 1960)
 * "Steppingstones to the Stars" (October 1960)
 * "The Planet of the Double Sun" (June 1959)
 * Part III: The Universe
 * "Heaven on Earth" (May 1961)
 * "Our Lonely Planet" (November 1958)
 * "The Flickering Yardstick" (March 1960)
 * "The Sight of Home" (February 1960)
 * "Here It Comes; There It Goes" (January 1961)
 * Part IV: The Human Mind
 * "Those Crazy Ideas" (January 1960)
 * "My Built-in Doubter" (April 1961)
 * "Battle of the Eggheads" (July 1959)

Henderson
Gordon F. Henderson, Ludwik Kos-Rabcewicz-Zubkowski, and Paul J. Davidson (eds.) Proceedings of a Seminar on Commercial Arbitration held in Ottawa, 19 June 1985 (Ottawa : Canadian Arbitration Conciliation and Amicable Composition, c1986)

Intellectual Property : Litigation, Legislation, and Education : A Study of the Canadian Intellectual Property and Litigation System (Ottawa: Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada, 1991)

Copyright and Confidential Information Law in Canada (Carswell, Scarborough, Ont., 1994)

Patent Law of Canada (Scarborough, Ont: Carswell, 1994)

Use of French names in lead sentences
There has been a recurring issue about the use of alternative French names in the lead paragraphs of articles about Canada. I think that instead of having ad hoc disagreements, we should deal with the issue as a matter of the MOS/Canada. (For examples of such ad hoc disagreements, see:
 * Talk:British_Columbia
 * Talk:Environment and Climate Change Canada
 * recent edits to Northwest Territories

My preference would be to adopt a style guideline here that is similar to that of another bilingual country, Ireland. See the guideline here: MOS/Ireland related articles/Irish language conventions

I think that would also be consistent with Naming conventions (use English), which says that the article title should normally be in English, but that "The body of each article, preferably in its first paragraph, should list all frequently used names by which its subject is widely known." I think it would also be consistent with the established usage on Canadian articles, where the French name is commonly given in articles relating to governments and government agencies that have official English and French names, both of equal status, and both used throughout Canada or the province. See the discussion on Talk:Environment and Climate Change Canada, where this point was raised.

I appreciate that others have taken the position that including the French name is contrary to MOS:LEADCLUTTER, but I personally don't think including the official names of the subject of the article is clutter; it's part of the information about the subject matter of the article.

I'm going to ping a few editors here, not for the purpose of canvassing, but because they may reflect different viewpoints on this issue than I have, based on previous discussions. I'll also post a note on the Canadian discussion board to advise of this discussion.

JCPC cases
Citizens Insurance Russell

Congressional delegations
House of Representatives delegations:

House of Representatives delegations:

Province of Canada bios to work on
Tache LaFontaine Baldwin William Walker (Quebec politician)