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Preclinical Research
There is inconclusive evidence for the clinical efficacy of sulforaphane, however the isothiocyanate has been extensively researched within in vivo and in vitro parameters. Sulforaphane has been reported to have anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties in laboratory conditions.

HDAC Inhibition
During various in vitro and in vivo parameters, sulforaphane has shown to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme activity: an enzyme responsible for the deacetylation of histones, and subsequent expression of respective DNA.

DNMT Inhibition
DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity catalyzes the methylation of DNA, and has been found to be inhibited by sulforaphane during preclinical analyses. Specifically, sulforaphane has shown to inhibit DNMT1 and DNMT3a. Research has further suggested it may be a result of HDAC inhibition.

Keap1/Nrf2
Sulforaphane has also been shown to enhance the expression of the antioxidant response element (ARE) in a Nrf2-dependent manner in numerous in vitro and in vivo conditions. Moreover, as a transcription factor, the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 is mediated by the enzyme Keap1. Sulforaphane has been repeatedly found to modify four cysteine residues of Keap1, primarily cysteine residue C151, and subsequently induce the release of Nrf2 into the nucleus to participate in transcription of the ARE.