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Water supply and sanitation in Espirito Santo

Service quality
More than 98% of users in the Metropolitan Area of Vitoria have continuous supply. (data for rest of state?)

Policy and regulation
The State Secretariat for the Environment and Water Resources (SEAMA) is primarily responsible for the defintion of water supply and sanitation policies in the State.

Service provision
The main service provider in the state is the State Water Company of Espirito Santo (Companhia Espírito Santense de Saneamento - CESAN), providing services in 52 of the state's 78 municipalities, including 6 in the Metropiltan Area of Vitoria and 46 in the interior of the State. In the 25 remaining municipalities services are provided by municipalities or municipal utilities, and in one municipality a private concession has been awarded.

Infrastructure
CESAN has 86 water treatment plants and 65 wastewater treatment plants, either directly or indirectly through service contracts. 92% of water connections are metered, a share that is slightly above the average for Brazil.

Efficiency
According to CESAN, Non-revenue water has declined from 48% in 2002 to 36% in 2007. It thus is slightly lower than the average for Brazil (almost 40%) in 2006.

The number of employees per 1000 connection is unusually low compared to other water and sanitation utilities, at only 1.1 employees in 2007, according to CESAN.

History
In 1986 CEASAN produced a Master Plan for water supply and sanitation with the following objectives:
 * increase water coverage from 91% to 93%,
 * eliminating intermittent water supply,
 * increase sewer coverage from 11% to 43%,
 * increase wastewater treatment, which was practically inexistent at that time.

In 1994 the situation was the following:
 * Only one third of users in the Metropolitan Area of Vitoria had continuous supply

By 2007 the following objectives were achieved:
 * Universal water coverage in the Metropolitan Area of Vitoria,
 * More than 98% of users in the Metropolitan Area of Vitoria have continuous supply,
 * Sewer coverage of 34% (2007), which still remains below the Brazilian average for urban areas (53%)
 * High share of wastewater treatment (36% in 2007 according to the CESAN website, but not clear to what this percentage refers since sewer coverage is higher than that value)
 * Self-financing of investments for R$64 million in 2006,
 * Unpaid bills reduced to 6.5% (2006)

CESAN has also been strengthened institutionally since 1994. For example, according to the World Bank top management positions are now appointed on technical rather than on political grounds; a performance bonus system has been introduced for employees; new staff are selected competitively; strategic planning has been introduced; and the concession contracts between municipalities and CESAN have been reviewed and formalized.

External cooperation
The World Bank has supported the development of the water and sanitation sector in Espirito Santo since 1994 through two loans as part of the Espirito Santo Water and Coastal Pollution Management Project.