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Amydalotomy is a form of psychosurgery, which involves the surgical removal or destruction of the amygdala as a last-resort treatment for severe aggressive behavioural disorders. The amygadala is sconsidered to be an important underlying structure in fight-or-fight response, playing a mediating role in primate aggression. However, fewer studies of the importance of the amygdala in human aggression have been conducted. Amygdalotomy is a recently developed neurosurgical procedure that is thought to ameliorate aggression by reducing arousal levels in the amygdala, which in primate studies is found to be a contributing factor to aggressive behavior. Some studies have found bilateral amygdalotomy in humans to be an effective treatment for severe intractable cases of aggressive behavior that has not responded to standard treatment methods. However, other studies remain inconclusive about the efficacy of amygadalotomy in attenuating extreme aggression due to the concerning case of unwanted side-effects including maladaptive behaviors.