User:Mubrak29

'Biimaal OR JAMAAL '

The Biimaal is a subclan of Mohamed Hiniftire also known Ahmed in somaliland. The Biimaal clan lives many part of the Somali inhabitant land, Ehtiopia ( Kilil five) Kenya Tanariva, Wajer and southern somalia mainly khartoum area Lower Jubba Region and Middle Jubba region the three mlost richest of the Somali territory. The Bimal tribe is part of the Dir tribe, whcih are the oldest and least cohesive of the Somali clans. The Dir comprise four big clan: Madhweyne Dir, Madalud Dir, Cisse Dir and Mahe Dir the Issa and the Gadabursi who still live in the northwestern Somalia and neighbouring areas of Ethiopia and Djibouti, the Bimaal on the coast of Southern Somalia, and the Gadsen subclan of bimal along the Jubba valley, Ethiopia and Kenya.” (Jane’s, 28. Mai 2008)

The Bimaal clan is a major clan in what is today settle in lower Shabelle, lower Jubba, Bakool and Gedo. Today they are the most numerous ethnic group in Somalia, settling the most populated area from Mogadishu to kismayo, and roughly are estimated of over 2 million people. In addition, large numbers of Biimaal subclans are also found in Kenya and Ethiopia. Their language, is Somali and Hamatic language; more specifically 80% of their language content is Arabic, 90 percent of biimal can read and write Arabic language. The Biimaal or (Jamal) has three Brothers (1) Isaaq Mohamed and (2) Surre Mohamed and (3) Dabrube Mohamed.

The real name of Biimaal is Jamal but nicknamed as Biimaal meaning 'Son Of Fortune' in Arabic, or ‘purified’ in old arabic. The Biimaal clan ascends to Ahmed known also as Mohamed, and then ascend to Dir ethnic group of Aqiel bin-abittalib.

Biimaal SUBCLANS AND FAMILY TREE

The Biimaal clan has 9 major subclans, whose there Names are is: DHSWW and Uncle Dabruube: the Biimaal family tree is as following:

1.     Sacad-Iramagge

2.     ismiin-Iramagge

3.      Gaadsan-Iramagge

4.     Niilow-Iramagge

5.     Dabruube

6.     Daadow-Iramagge

7.     Kalafow

8.     Gammas

Salebaan (1-Ciise 2-Reer Sheikh 3-abtigele 4-Geefleey 5-Yabarhusein 6-abeynagurey ).

Sacad is subdivided into (1-Gacal-adeer 2-Hablow 3-Salaansol 4-Cali-Maxaad5-Reer-Ugaas 6-Reer-Macow )

 Ismaan-Maax 2-adeer-shiiqeey 3-Reer Abshir4-) Baahal (1-Cabsiye 2-Habar-Gidir 3-Warablle 4-Reer Jamaalow 5-Reer Shiiqeey)Abeyne-Gurey(1-Cabdi-Abeyne 2-Xasan-Abeyne 3-Maxaa-Abeyne 4-Geedow-Abeyne5-Walaal-Abeyne 6-Cali-Abeyne 7-Ibraahin-Abeyne)

Gaadsan(1 Faqe-Cilmi,–2 Dhaaweyd, 3 Reer Qaasim ,4 Odaymarke, 5  Reer Ugaadh, 6 Faqe Nur, 7 Yonis, 8  Reer Adan, 9 Naleeye, 10 Faqe cigaal,    11 Reer cumar Jaamac, 12 Sacdi, 13 MohamudGraad, 13 Reer Ismail,

Mahad-Waaq (1-Cayuub 2-Reer-Faqe 3-Halqad) Yabar-Xuseen (1-Abeyne-Cali2-Maxaa-Abtow 3-Reer-Amuusow 4-Abroone-Adeer 5-Abti-Geelle) Gacal-Adeer(1-Reer-Cambuurow 2-Reer ismaan-Xasan) Hablow (1-Biyare 2-Barkaankeey 3-adeer)Yabadhaal(1-Adeer-Soomane 2-Abtow-Xaayle)

 Gamaas (1-Reer-Gureey2-Casharow 3-Dhaangul) Reer Shiiq (1-Celi-Cade 2-Celi-Madoobe)

Dabruube (1-Garsiis 2-Gerweyne) Camaamudle(1-Reer Maxaadow 2-Reeryuunis 3-Reer Cali-Cadow), MathigaanThe Mathigaan or Madigaan is a sub subclan of Dabrube, the Subclan of Biimaal, and is one of the tribes that inhabits in Ethiopia and Somaliland. Historically, the Mathigaan were mainly pastoral and farmers who separated from other Biimaal in nearly 400 years ago, however, the record of written documents and inherited information from ancestors is well reserved in lower shabelle. The Dabrube tribes lived in different parts of somalia and Ethiopia, but they each had their history and family trace/ Tree.

The History of Biimaal
During 1600-1900 century, the Biimaal monarchy was one of the most powerful tribe in east Africa ruling the cost of Benadir to keyan border and had been trading with Mascut sultanate. During the 18 century, the geledi clan was the second powerful clans in Somalia, who were ruling large territory in southern somalia. The port of Mogadishu was practically autonomous, the Zanzibar sultans’ authority, like their customs officials, came and went with the monsoons. The hinterland of Mogadishu was controlled by the Geledi clan, whose sultans contracted alliances with many other clans in the region between the Shebelle and juba rivers. Through much of the century, the geledi alliance dominated the ivory trade that ran from luk on the upper juba to Mogadishu; the geledi sultans also collected tribute from the agricultural clans along the Bay and Bakool as far south as Bu’alle. Only the powerful bimal clan, situated in the hinterland of merka, succeeded in resisting the geledi hegemony and overthrowing their rulers in Mogadishu and. The sultans of Zanzibar, in the meantime, were forced to respect the authority of the Bimal rulers. (Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880)

History of Somalia (1400-2000) author often quotes the text of this book called: The Shaping of Somali Society Ref: Reconstructing the History of Pastoral People 1600-1900..Lee V.Cassanelli University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Press, 1982.

This method begins.

In 1876, The Biimaal resistant army ambushed and killed the governor of "Salim Bin James," and 40 soldiers were killed in the road between Mogadishu and Marka. who was representative of the Sultan of Zanzibar.

The town of marka was famous for commerce, sometimes there was a problem between the Arabs residing in fight with Biimaal because the Biimaal oposed to the spread of the Italian territory, but the Arabs were a mercantile interests have always been in a good relationship with the stranger. The the Biimaal perceived threat to their lives to the Arab relation with "foreign" for commercial interests.

The Biimaal used technique by some in government to urgently stop off in the town.

in 1890, the new Sultan of Zanzibar Sultan Khalifa has given the land administration to Italian regime, without consulting the somali tribes and had no constitutional rights, somali people found this very sad.

in 1890 when italian came down to somali coast Biimaal leaders have begun meeting urgently to prepare against ​​his decisive desire in somalia.

When Italy found that Biimaal is the only opposition, the Italian tried to divide the Biimaal, however, it became the mission impossible, the period from 1890 until 1908, the union of Biimaal changed, some leaders warned and realised that it is difficult to fight with Italy continue to earn some of Italy agreed to sponsor and work.

However, the Biimaal kingdom played a major role in Somali History. Under Italian colony,the Biimaal people opposed against the occupation of Italian regime, and severely fought against them. During that time, thousands of Biimal warriors lost their lives to stop the invaders to reach somali soil. The Biimaal Kingdom built large castles in the cost of Benadir, lower shabelle and juba to protect somali shores and for trading strategy. In 1985 to 1903, the Italian conoly tried many times to negotiate a land deal with Bimal king. In 1904, the italian army attaked four times: 1.	Diinloow 2.	Cadcadeey 3.	Xaarxaar 4.	Jilib markaad

March 1902: the Soc. Of Benadir submit to Parliament a comprehensive and coordinated action program which then leads to the occupation of Bardera and Lugh, the establishment of a transport service on land and sea and a treaty with the Sultan of Ghelédi. The Italian military forces in that country are really scarce and consist only of local or Yemeni mercenaries made up in gangs controlled by Italians and Eritreans. Two years later, the commercial crisis of the Company's Benadir and restrictive policy Italian who took measures against the slavery of the Arab tribes of the coast, led to the first clash with the faction of Bimal area Merca. Our charges of slavery being unfounded and fears of invasion of Mullah lead to termination of the agreement with the company. Benadir. In fact, though Italy had replaced the Company for several months. Over the next four years will number two wars against this Tribe.

January 13, 1905: agreement between Italy and England (which represented "tout court !!!" the Sultan of Zanzibar). Italy redeems the four airports Somalis in exchange for a flat fee of 144,000 pounds intended for the government of Zanzibar. With another agreement, England Italy rent a plot of land in the Bay of Kismayo. The land is intended for the construction of a sbarcatoio and warehouses goods. In the same year is proclaimed the Italian colony of Somalia (northeast and south).

Mogadisscio: The Cattedrale26 August 1905: Italian victory in Gilìb Bimal against the rebels, opposed to repression.

February 6, 1907: on the coast between Mogadishu and Merca there is a concentration of rebels Bimal; to prevent it, two columns (600 Ascari commanded by Ten. Streva lieutenants and 4) move from the cities and disperse the rebels retreating then Danane.

15 December 1907-02 March 1908: chap. Vitali at the head of 500 beats at Ascari Dongàb rebels Bimal, returned to action against the spread of the Italian occupation. The action is supported by the Royal Ship "Relay", with the cooperation of the RN "Volta, which from the sea to disperse the rebels gunfire at Danane.

11 to 12 July 1908, the expedition led by Major. Antonino Di Giorgio free Merca, threatened by the rebels. Merére battle between the rebels and the men of Di Giorgio (It will be general in the Great War when will command the corps special coverage of the retreat from Caporetto) who are forced to burn the village and later to occupy Afgooye. The sultan of Ghelédi with 5000 armed submits to Italy.

where about 1000 Bimalis and 500 Italian soldiers were killed when they attempted to destroy these obstacles against Italian interests which also caused many Italian lives. Though many biimalis armies got killed, but they still insisted to protect Somali shore. After long bloody battles, the Italian leader sleeked alliance with other Somali tribes which finally destroyed Bimalis forces.

The bimal clan were living between the port of marka and the Webi shebelli to Juba River in Jamama. The bimal had long resisted the Italians and Many Other Powers through out their History. The bimal worked with the slaves to cultivate their lands along the webi shebelli to Jilib around the Juba Rivers and Jamama. They had also besieged an Italian garrison at marka 1904 and ambushed and attacked their enemies repeatedly.The bimal clan was finally overcome by the Italians 1908, when a number of Somalia Clans Ugaas/Imaams and Bimaal chiefs had to go to Mogadishu for a Secret Agreement which included Kidnapping the Bimaal or the Last Sultan of Somalia( The Lineage Still continuous Till Today )to Italy as Mentally Sick and Appointing a New Sultan to Bimaal and at the Same time Ending the War.

The Biimaal and Benadiri in Merka, Lower Shabelle According to Danish Refuge council, the predicament of Oday (2006).The old sultanate of the Biimaal around Merka has all but disappeared. Since their defeatto the Italians, the lineage of the Biimaal Suldaan has lived a quiet existence. Furthermore,the Biimaal people suffered a heavy set-back during the civil war as much of their land was taken over by non-resident like Hawiye coming from northern regions, and many Biimaal either fled or was killed. Today, The Suldaan is still the highest Ruler forBiimaal for Ancient Areas that Stretches From Merka to Jaamame, where many Sub Families and Clans of Biimaalreside.After the civil war the Biimaal revived their xeer system. For example, the first attempt to create more peace and security in Merka area involved a meeting of traditional elders who established the first new xeer between them. Each district then established a committee of elders and intellectuals with the purpose of overseeing the peace on one hand, and to interlocutor with international humanitarian agencies on the other in order to address social welfare issues. However, they did not have military or strong policing power, which meant that they could not handle the armed freelance militias who erected extortion road blocks and who were outside the control of the traditional leaders. Prior to the civil-war, all Biimaal paid mag together. However, after the complexities of the civil war, each sub-clan formed its own mag -paying group! This is perceived as a good development, because it gives more pressure to the most immediate family to control its members as mag becomes more expensive when it is a smaller group that has to pay it. The migration of the Biimaal is thought to have begun some Over 700 years.

According to The Price of Peace: Somalia and the United Nations 1991-1994, the Biimaal are the majority clan in the Lower Shebelle (Gilkes 1994, 144). Gilkes distinguishes between the northern Dir and the southern Dir and notes that although the Biimaal were known for their struggle against the Italians, as a southern Dir group, they "were previously ignored." (144). Gilkes states that the Dir and particularly the Biyamal, supported the Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM), but adds that the SSNM had split. "Early in 1993 its chairman, Colonel Abdi Warsame, broke with General Aydeed and took part of the SSNM with him when he aligned himself with Ali Mahdi" (147). For additional information on the Biyomal and the SSNM please consult Responses to Information Rquests SOM24908 of 4 September 1994 and SOM18537.E of 4 October 1994, which are available at Regional Documentation Centres.

„In Lower Shabelle, the Hawyiya clan rivals the (Dir) Biimaal. The competing claims of territorial ownership between ‘Mudulod’ and Hawiyia over Mogadishu, and Biimaal and Habr Gedir over the Lower Shabelle, are played out over significant populations who have stronger claims to ‘autocracy’ but little military or political might.“ (RDCI/UNHCR, August 2007, S. 11)

THE MIGRATION OF DAROD AND HAWIYE TRIBES
The Darod tribes had migrated down to lower jubba in the middle of 19 century for better life as prolonged lack of rain caused their regions largely dry. By that time, the Biimaal tribes provided all their hospitalities, generosity to the Darod clan and granted to stay temproraly as guest expecting them to move out. From 1960 to 1991 the Darood regimes of Sharmarke and Barre had unfairly treated with Biimaal clan and promoted thier clans to dominate and torture the local people as Biimaal clan was previously dismantled by the colonial power during the long time of war. After 1991, the Habargidir & Hawiya clan had also made a master plan by occupying the lower shabelle and mugged farms of residents, used by force displacement, looted properties by displacing and killing hundreds of local Biimaal.

Prominent figures Political/social activist

Ministers from SouthWest State
 * Abdi Abiikar Gaafle - 1900
 * Macalin Gabtoole -1900
 * Faqe Cilmi Faqe Farax 1700, the king of reserve area, true leader and wiseman
 * Colonel Abdi Warsame Isaq, member of SRC - Powerful minister from 1969-1991 (Various ministers)
 * Abdullahi Sheikh Ismail, Former Somali Ambassador to Russian federation and EU, Former foreign minister 1990 and 2004 - 2006, Deputy prime minister and minister of constitutional affairs of TFG 2006.
 * Ugas Ahmed Ugas Bile Ugas Hussein - Minister of Agriculutre affairs
 * Abdirahman Adan Ibbi, former minister of fishery and marine resources of TNG 2000 - 2004, state minister 2004 - 2006
 * Abdi Aluuq, senior general, Officer in Charge, Has the highest rank in SOMALI FORCES C.E.O
 * Abdullahi Ahmed Wafow who is general of Somalia's forces and previous MP from Lower Shabelle
 * Nuur Faqi, ex-parliment and heavy wieght politician
 * Mohamed Abukar (Geetanow)
 * Abdulkadir Mohamed Muse Somalia's Attorney General
 * Eng Ahmed Discipline
 * Prof Mohamed Cali Bii
 * Mudane Xasanow Mustafa
 * Mohamed Sheekh Xasan Jiis
 * Abdullahi Yariisoow,
 * Doctor Abdikadir Sahal
 * Mudane Abdi Muuse,
 * Ahmed Hussein Tifow worked differnt Lower shabelle 1960 - 1970, Speaker ssnm and political
 * Abdul-Jabbar Ahmed Hussein Tifow, prominent peace activist.
 * Professor Ahmed Omar Abdi, former WSLF leader
 * Mana Haji, prominent peace activist.
 * Elmi Abdulle Hussein, prominent peace activist
 * Isse Sheikh Ismail, prominent peace activist
 * Mohamed Amin Addow, Senior journalist
 * Mohamed Fowsi, promising leader. Descendant of previous Chief General Abdi Aluuq also referred to Abdi Osman.
 * Mohamed Fowsi, promising leader. Descendant of previous Chief General Abdi Aluuq also referred to Abdi Osman.

Ahmed Mahamed Barre...............Minister of religious affairs Mohamed Hasan Fiqi................ Minister of Agriculture affairs A/laahi Muuse Abuukar.............Minister of Charity and disability affairs

Religious and Traditional leaders

 Sheekh Abdurahman Mubarak, one of the most famous schollars in somalia

 Sheekh Xassan Yusuf, one of the famous Somali cleric, educated thousands scholars.

 Sheekh Macalin Shiikheey one of the famous Somali cleric, educated

 Sheik Mohammed Kulale, Islamic  teacher and cleric

 Ugaas Axmed Ugaas Sid Cali Ugaas Xuseen

LOWER SHABELLE

Marka (Capital), Janaale,  Raaxoole ( EX.N50)- Baraawe, Buulo Mareer, Galweyne,Ceelwaregoow, Muuri, Lanta Buur, Shalambood, Jaziira, Gaywaroow.

LOWER JUBBA AND MIDDLE JUBBA Kismayo ( capital) Jammaame, Jilib-Hombooy, Demo, NafataQuur, Qalaawileey- Beerxaani, Dujuma, Turdho

BAKOOL  AND GEDO REGION Rabdhore, Yeed, Godcusbo- washaqe, Dhuureey, Luuq

KENYA TANA RIVER Burra, Garseeni, Hoolaa, Bangal

ETHIOPIA Af-dher district:Jarrati- Waladaya- Doolow and Guuredhamole Godey district: Iimey,  Boola, Qoraxey district: Nusdariiq, Marsin, Kabtinuur, andQabridhare.

Biimaal are the majorty clan of lower shabelle and lower juba, but there are some other tribes such as Digil in lower shabelle and shikhal, Galjecel and Darood in lower juba. Lower Shabele is bordered with Banaadir, Middle Shabele, Bay and Middle Juba and the Indian Ocean. this is the most populated region in somalia. Districts • Afgoi • Barawe • Janale • Kurtunwarey • Marka (Merca) • Qoriyoley • Sablale • Walaweyn • Lambar konton

Clans in Lower Shabebele

Biimaals tribes form about 55% of the population the lower shabelle

Digil clan about 35% Other clans form about 10% of the regions population: • Reer Marka • Reer Baraawe •

Biimaal are the majorty clan of lower shabelle and lower juba, but there are some other tribes such as Digil ,shikhal, Galjecel and Darood in lower juba. Lower Shabele is bordered with  Banaadir, Middle Shabele,  Bay and Middle Juba and the Indian Ocean. this is the most populated region in somalia.

Districts

•	Afgoi •	Barawe •	Janale •	Kurtunwarey •	Marka (Merca) •	Qoriyoley •	Sablale •	Walaweyn •	Lambar konton

Catherine Lowe Besteman, (1999) Unraveling Somalia : race, violence, and the legacy of slavery