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DEFINITON OF GIS

Geographic Information System, known as GIS in English, can refer to as 'a system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data related to the spatial reference to the earth (DOE, 1987), or' information systems related to geographic data that can be referenced, where GIS is a computer-based information system that enables the capture, modeling, storage, search, sharing, manipulation, analysis, and presentation of geographic data '(Worboy & Duckham, 2003). However, some experts in GIS continues to debate the definition of GIS, as an example of GIS is 'a set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving, changing, and displaying spatial data from the real world to the particular needs (Burrough, 1986),' system computer that can store and use data describing places on the surface of the earth '(Rhind, 1989), and each set of manual or computer procedure that is used to store and manipulate geographic data referenced' (Aronoff, 1989), 'use am for any potential computer-based manipulation of geographic data, where GIS comprises hardware and software with a specific device used to map input and creating a map of the product, together with the communication systems needed to connect the various elements' (Star and Estes, 1990) and 'a system to assist in developing a model in which it will be possible to synthesize large amounts of data using other means' (Martin, 1996). So, evolution and rapid development in GIS is becoming more popular and attractive, especially in the geographic information software to a sudden need for users such as public and private organizations, politicians, teachers and students, and others. According to the history of the development of the map, generally the map has been used to represent the earth's surface at the time aforesaid or in the earliest civilizations (Aronoff, 1989). Referring to the book entitled "Geographical Information Systems: Perspectives in Management", which was written by Stan Aronoff in 1989, the map is used to show the spatial distribution of the characteristics of geography by navigators, land surveyor, and the army, which is dominated by the Romans. However, measuring and mapping decreased due to the fall of the Roman Empire. Map of attention once again by Europe because the government realized that the map can be used to record and plan the use of their land in the eighteenth century. At this time, a map issued only shows topography of the land and an administrative unit boundary. The study of natural resources continues to grow, resulting thematic maps are encouraged to use in representing the spatial distribution characteristics such as geology, geomorphology, soil, and vegetation. Science and technology in the twentieth century, and demand for geographical data generated in the form of maps increased. Technological developments such as aerial and satellite-based remote sensing, geographic data began to make productivity more than doubled with the use of a wider and more sophisticated analysis. So, the latest geographic data can be generated more quickly, and the information that matters to guide the user in everyday life, for example the "Global Positioning System" (GPS)

GIS APPLICATIONS

Nowadays, GIS technologies have been applied to diverse fields to assist experts and professionals in analyzing various types of geospatial data and dealing with complex situations. No matter in business, education, narual resources, tourism, or transportations, GIS plays an essential role to help people collect, analyze the related spatial data and display data in different formats. The following stories are the successful cases that benefit from applying SuperGIS series products as their solutions in various fields, for example :-

1. Business 2. Education 3. Natural Resourses 4. Mapping and charting 5. Geospatial intelligence 6. Government 7. Health services 8. Public safety 9. Tourism 10. Transportation

Use of GIS has seen unprecedented growth in the last ten years. With the powerful technology getting cheaper and system memories expanding, meaning that we can handle much bigger sets of data, some say that GIS is in a golden age. It was once the preserve of the cartographer - few outside would have used it or needed it, yet recently GIS has become a core part of modern environmental science degrees. Geology, climatology, geography, statisticians, archaeology, oceanography, conservation based qualification and most other environmental sciences (1) now offer a module at undergraduate level. In the last five years, most universities have offered masters degrees specifically in GIS, or post-graduate certificates and diplomas with a prerequisite of environmental undergraduate degree. It is surprising to many that this technology has been around for over fifty years (2) because to people outside of the relevant fields, and to some within fields who are just starting to learn about applications and potential for their work, it is still relatively new and exciting with endless possibilities. GIS is something that will make many jobs easier and faster and allow them to do more things in the same space of time with the click of a button. No longer are maps the exclusive preserve of the cartographer, now urban and rural developers, medical resource planners, conservation professionals, environment agency staff (to track and measure floodplains and the spread of protected species) archaeologists and utilities providers are just some of the environmentalist careers that can benefit from digital mapping.

THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF GIS

The first benefit is the Natural Resource Inventory. Through the application of GIS, can be identified on the potential of nature spread over an area. This identification will simplify the management of natural resources for the benefit of the people. The second benefit, Disaster Management. That is, the application of GIS can be used for management of post-disaster rehabilitation. For example, when the tsunami hit Aceh and Nias, BRR - Reconstruction of Aceh - Nias (BRR Aceh-Nias) using GIS to map the current state and development priorities in the most severe damage. The next benefit is for Spatial Development of infrastructure. The third benefit of GIS technology can be many things. Starting from the analysis of the environmental impact, water catchment area, the layout of the city, and many more. Spatial planning using GIS will avoid flooding, congestion, infrastructure and transport, to the construction of housing and office. Fourth, Investment Business and Economics is also the benefit that can be obtained from GIS applications. With the map information of the area, determined the direction of development. And the investor can specify the investment strategy based on geographic conditions, the condition of the people and spreading, to map infrastructure and accessibility. Finally, GIS can be used for the Games, Entertainment and Edutainment. In developed countries, the application used to create interactive games such as SimCity. Also for entertainment function like they do in Hollywood movies. The government itself could take part in developing GIS applications for education function, such as Globe, Atlas, and other interactive maps.

PLANNING FOR THE PROCESS

The idea of urban and regional planning in Malaysia is said to be derived from the concept of scheme introduced in the United Kingdom for which planning is defined as' a process of human forethought and action based upon that forethought. It aims at the best use of land and the greatest possible improvement in the human environment '(Chadwick, 1971, ms.63). This definition planning in general as a procedure in which an appropriate scheme designed and actions will be based on the selected scheme. Physical planning also referred to 'physical design or plan of some artifacts or buildings which might exist in the future '(Bruton and Nicolson, 1987, ms.50). By Chadwick (1971), the plan is a general conceptual system. To establish its own system for the concept, but relates to the the other, we have been trying to understand the phenomenon of change, then deal with and finally make a judgment. Thus planning activity is over producing plans and controlling development according to plan outlined. Task planning and embraces policy the implementation of which has a major influence on the spatial distribution of investment and land development at all scales.