User:Murtaza Ali khokhar/sandbox

Article: Future of Political Communication in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. A Case Study of Pakistan.

Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media in particular, the mass media. Media Studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but mostly from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies. Political communication can be defined as the connection concerning politics and citizens and the interaction modes that connect these groups to each other. Whether the relationship is formed by the Mod Political communication is the communication of political ideologies by the political communicator to the audience who happen to be the electorates. Like the regular communication process, it also uses both the traditional media and the new media. Politicians however, have started employing fake news and hate speech in the content of their political messages. With more and more people relying on social media for as a source for news, there are worries that such content could influence audiences unable to distinguish truth from fact or news from propaganda. From television to radio, to cinemas, to music, to newspaper, books, social media, etc., politicians use everything and anything to communicate to their audience. Politicians employ political advertising to reach out to their teeming supporters and followers. These political advertising are incorporated with adverting jingles (especially on radio). The basic elements of political communication are: ideology, propaganda and persuasion. as of persuasion, Pathos, Ethos or Logos

Reflecting on the relationship between political communication and contemporary agenda-building, defines Strategic Political Communication (SPC) as comprising. political communication that is manipulative in intent, utilizes social scientific techniques and heuristic devices to understand human motivation, human behavior and the media environment in order to inform effectively what should be communicated encompassing its detail and overall direction and what should be withheld, with the aim of taking into account and influencing public opinion, and creating strategic alliances and an enabling environment for government policies both at home and abroad. The field of political communication is focused on 4 main Areas.

•	Election campaigns Political communications involved in campaigning for elections. •	Government operations. This role is usually fulfilled by a Ministry of Communications, Information Technology or similar political entity. Such an entity is in charge of maintaining communication legislation and would be responsible for setting telecommunications policy and regulations as well as issuing broadcasting licenses, comments press releases, etc. •	Media content The interaction between politics, media content and the public. •	Communication processes - How people communicate about politics.

Social Media has dramatically changed the way in which modern Political Campaigns are run. MEDIA, POLITICS AND POLITICAL COMMUNICATION They are Different Elements of Political Communication •	Television •	Radio •	Newspaper •	Digital Media •	Cinemas •	Music •	BILLBOARDS, POSTERS AND FLIERS •	Blogs

•	Television

•	 Television is the most powerful medium for persuasive communication as it combines sight and sound coupled with its “repetition” ability. During elections, politicians make use of television for political advertising and public relations. Even political rallies are given live coverage as these politicians and political parties pay heavily for it.

•	Radio Politicians embark on a massive media campaign using the radio with their advertising jingles and new party slogans. The main target is the poor and uneducated, mostly living in rural areas. Most political advertising jingles, not all, are done in native dialect or Pidgin English.

•	Newspaper

Newspapers use pictures to supplement news coverage of political campaigns as well as feature/articles on each edition. Also, straight news report, investigative journalism can be done on a candidate by a newspaper. The newspaper house may also decide to write an editorial to point out facts about a candidate or the possibility of a candidate winning. Politicians aspiring for elective positions also pay some good writers to write favorable articles about them for publication in the print media. Cartoonists working for the newspaper house may as well decide to draw a cartoon for which mimics the anomalies in government and politics of the day.

•	Cinema Although rare, but politicians in a desperate bid to be elected or re-elected can use the cinema medium for political advertising in this digital age. Their political message(s) can be delivered before the movie starts with everyone’s eyes glued to the big screen.

•	Music

Music is an art form that uses harmonious sound or acoustic signals to communicate its messages. Different cultures have different types of music to serve different occasions. Throughout history, people have used music to send messages that may be difficult to convey by words of mouth or through other means.

•	BILLBOARDS, POSTERS AND FLIERS

This is usually rife during election campaign with politicians and political parties printing posters and fliers to garner support for their candidates. At the end, the fliers are distributed during campaign rallies while the posters are pasted at strategic points like bus-stops, etc. Billboards are also designed and strategically positioned at traffics to capture the sight of the motorists caught in traffic jam as well as pedestrians.

•	Digital Media In mass communication, digital media is any communication media that operate in conjunction with various encoded machine-readable data formats. Digital content can be created, viewed, distributed, modified, listened to, and preserved on a digital electronics device, including digital data storage media (in contrast to analog electronic media) and digital broadcasting. Digital defines as any data represented by a series of digits, and media refers to methods of broadcasting or communicating this information. Together, digital media refers to mediums of digitized information broadcast through a screen and/or a speaker

Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence could replace humans in many aspects of life, from driving cars to diagnosing diseases and more, politics will not remain unscathed. Imagine, for a moment, what knowledge, skills and attributes should a human politician possess to be perfect, if their primary goal is to represent their constituent and implement an effective policy agenda. A perfect human politician should perhaps understand the issues affecting the people they represent such as what challenges face them and what policies would they like to see changed. To craft policies that will resonate with their constituent and push the community forward as a collective whole, a perfect human politician should have an in-depth understanding of the community’s past, its present state, and the challenges ahead. She or he should also be a skilled negotiator, a consensus builder and a great crisis manager. Can AI be attributed with these abilities?

When it comes to automating knowledge, A systems are powerful conduits of knowledge and could act as valuable assistants for government officials. However, when it comes to skills, it is slightly more difficult to break down as, currently speaking, I can help design policies and respond to risks, but is far from being able to negotiate skillfully or craft policies that will resonate with the public. In the next few years, humans will still be needed to provide emotional intelligence and creativity in the political scene, but, as the technology advances, AI systems may become capable of performing complex tasks. Moreover, attributes will be the hardest aspect to replicate as the machines may act solely as rational beings. A human presence in governance will likely be necessary for the foreseeable future.

In the new age where drivers, doctors and builders are being automated, whether we automate our politics is up for serious discussion. We need to assess the consequences of the growing intersection between politics and technology. We need to debate what kind of a world we want to live in, before it is too late.

One of the possible scenarios for the future of politics is to opt for status quo, where governments may incorporate narrow I to restore citizens’ trust in them by improving the effectiveness and efficiency of public service, while being a politician would remain strictly a human occupation. Another possible scenario is humans deciding to fully automate government and hand power to the  systems, appointing them in certain key positions. Artificial intelligence is Intelligence perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animal and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech recognition, computer vision, translation between (natural) languages, as well as other mappings of inputs. As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require "intelligence" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect

Artificial neural networks Modern neural networks model complex relationships between inputs and outputs and find patterns in data. They can learn continuous functions and even digital logical operations. Neural networks can be viewed as a type of mathematical optimization they perform gradient descent on a multi-dimensional topology that was created by training the network Deep learning uses several layers of neurons between the network's inputs and outputs. The multiple layers can progressively extract higher-level features from the raw input. For example, in image processing lower layers may identify edges, while higher layers may identify the concepts relevant to a human such as digits or letters or faces.

KEYWORDS Media, Politics, Political communication, Digital media, new media, traditional media, social media, Artificial intelligence.