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Testis transplantation is the surgical transplantation of all or part of the testis. A number of such procedures have been performed, but it is not a routinely performed operation. Some experiments with testis transplantation have been scientifically and ethically controversial. Testis transplantation differs from orchiopexy, a common surgery to move an undescended (cryptorchid) testicle into the scrotum and permanently fix it there. Androgen deficiency is generally treated with hormone replacement therapy. [[

Allotransplantation and xenotransplantation
A man without testicles is sterile. There are many causes of the bilateral absence of the testes (anorchia) or their subsequent loss.

Syngeneic transplantation
In 1978 Sherman Silber reported a case of one male born without testes with an identical twin brother with two normally functioning testes. Silber transplanted one testis from the twin with two testes into the other. The operation was a success, with the recipient achieving normal serum testosterone levels, sperm count and motility levels. The recipient later went on to father a child. Sherman went on to perform more such operations with other sets of identical twins.

Zhao in 1993 reported 11 cases of successful testis transplantation from deceased donors. This claim has been disputed.