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South End Lead Section
The South End is a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, is bordered by the Back Bay, Chinatown, and Roxbury. It is easily accessible by taking either the Orange, Green, or Silver lines that will leave you in close proximity of this community. Another means of transportation that can be used to get to the South End is by taking bus line 43, that has a stop right on Tremont Street. The South End can be distinguished from other neighborhoods by the Victorian style houses that can be found as well as the many parks that it holds within and around the area. It is the largest intact Victorian row house district in the country, which is made up of over 300 acres. In this community you can find a series of eleven residential parks that are scattered around the South End. In 1973, the South End was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The beginning constructions of the South End started in 1849 with the neighborhood being built on tidal marshes.

It is home to many diverse groups from immigrants, young families, professionals, and it is very popular with the gay and lesbian community of Boston. Since the 1880's the South End has been made up of diverse cultures from Irish, Lebanese, Jewish, African-American, and Greek. Today, it is made up of 55.2% White, 13.3% Hispanic, 12.5% Black or African American, 16.2% Asian, and 2.7% other. In the South End, approximately 55.2% of it's residence have a bachelor's degree or higher. The median household income as of 2010 is about $57,699 for those who live in this neighborhood. The median age for the South End is 36 years old. With such a diverse population the most popular language that is spoken in the South End is English with 65.6%, followed by Spanish at 12.9%.

The South End holds about 5 primary and secondary schools that offer education from kindergarten to grade 12. It doesn't only hold schools but the South End is rich in diverse restaurants as well as offering many bars, art galleries, and boutiques. Banks and ATMs can now be found in this community. This is a recently new addition to the South End (as of 2006). It is also conveniently located within the radius of three libraries that offer many different programs for not only children but for adults as well.



Demographics
According to the 2010 Census, the total population of the South End is approximately 24,577, which is a 12.2% increase from 2000. The South End is made up of 55.2% White, 13.3% Hispanic/Latino, 12.5% Black or African American, 16.2% Asian, and 2.7% Other. Within the South End 33.8% of the population is between the ages of 20 through 34 years old, 8% are under 9 years old. We also have 5.9% of the South End who is between the ages of 10-19 years old, then we have 31.2% between 35-54, 10.5% between 55-64, and 10.6% who are 65 and older. The median age for the South End is 36 years old. About 55.2% of the population holds a college degree in the South End, with 29.2% having a bachelor's degree and 26% holding a graduate degree. The primary language that is spoken in this neighborhood is English with it being at 65.6%, followed by Spanish at 12.9%, Chinese 10.4%, French 2.7%, Portuguese 1%, and other languages 7.4%. The median income of the South End is $57,699, with 10.9% of the population making between $50,000 and $74,000 each year. You can find 12, 831 households in the South End, with 23.3% of the residents living in a family that includes a wife and a husband, and 47.4% are living alone without a family. As of 2010, 45.2% of the residents are without vehicles but on the other hand 45.2% do own vehicle. Approximately, 34% of the South Ends uses public transportation which doesn't include using a taxi. The South End has about 58.1% of it's population working in the Management, Business, Science, and Arts field with 79.1% of the labor force being between the ages of 20 to 34 years old. The 2010 Census states that 72.6% of the South End population has lived in the same place for the past year while 12.8% have moved to a different location but the same county, 7.5% moved from a different county to the South End, and 5.9% moved from a different state to this location.



Urban Policy
The South End was one of many large-scale landfill projects in Boston to create new residential districts. Construction started in 1849, it was built on tidal marshes that surrounded Boston Neck. The street plan for the South End was to pattern the 18th-century English models, it would have blocks of townhouses overlook small parks in the centers of the residential streets. The parks were built to make the South End more beautiful and make it feel like a community. These townhouses quickly became the predominant form of housing, builders produces blocks of houses for the middle-class families. From 1850 to 1880, these townhouses started to get built, with the typical townhouse having a mix of architectural styles. The South End also became a popular hospital district with the first being the Boston City Hospital which attracted other hospitals to the area. One of the hospitals that came into the South End was the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital that was built in 1875. It used fresh air cures and home remedies to heal their patients but if one of the patients needed surgery they were sent to the Boston University School of Medicine. The Boston University School of Medicine first came into the South End in 1874 accompanied by the New England Female College, this was the first college in the region that accepted women. By the late 19th century the South End was becoming increasingly populated by African Americans that were coming from the South. Even though City Hospital admitted black patients they didn't allow them into their training programs or hire black professionals. By 1908 a black physician from Alabama named Dr. Cornelius Garland opened his own hospital called Plymouth Hospital and the Nurse's Training School. But by 1929, Plymouth Hospital closed down because City Hospital started to accept people of color into their medical and nursing programs.

The South End isn't only residential it's also commercial. Since it is located were there was access to railroads and port facilities it attracted a lot of manufacturers. Albany Street which is along the Roxbury Canal became occupied by warehouses and factories. By the 19th century, it became the center of Boston's furniture and piano-making industry. Today, the South End has many new developments that will add not only residential space but also commercial. According to the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) there is a new project that is being constructed that will be built on Albany Street. According to the Expanded Project Notification Form this new development will "include two hotels: a 16-story select service hotel, which will have a restaurant on its first floor; and a 9-story extended-stay hotel. The hotels together will have approximately 408 rooms. While the split between the two types of hotels has not been finally determined, current plans anticipate approximately 210 rooms in the select service hotel and approximately 198 rooms in the extended-stay hotel. The select-service hotel will include an approximately 4,000 square-foot (approximately 267-seat) restaurant on its first floor. A 3-level, above-ground parking garage with approximately 137 parking spaces will serve both hotels." By creating this new project it will provide about 200 new jobs for construction workers once they start building, it will also "employ approximately 200 employees (full-time equivalents) in management, operations, customer service, retail, and food service functions." This is just one of many new developments that are happening in the South End that will increase not only the population but the look of this neighborhood.

Community Resources
The South End is conveniently located within the radius of three public libraries. The closest to this neighborhood is the South End Branch of the Boston Public Library. It has different hours of operation, so plan ahead accordingly if interested in visiting this location. In the South End Branch you will find a diverse collection of popular and scholarly materials for not only adults but for children as well. Not only does this library offer local history documents, DVDs, CDs, and audiobooks for adults but also have recurring programs for children. But there is also programs for adults such as monthly book discussion groups and a weekly English conversation class, these are just some of many programs the South End Branch offers to the community. A community center that is located right in the South End is the Blackstone Community Center located on West Brookline Street, the hours of operations are vary depending on the day.. The Blackstone Community Center is one of 35 community centers that are for youth and families and it is the only one that serves the South End and lower Roxbury neighborhoods. The mission of Blackstone is to enhance the quality of life for Boston residents by "supporting children, youth, and families through a wide range of programs and services. The Blackstone offers many programs to children and adults.<ref name=Blackstone. Two major hospitals that are located in the South End are Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine. The South End also has the South End Community Health Center. The South End Community Health Center is a board governed non-profit "comprehensive, health care organization for all residents of the South End and the surrounding communities", according to their homepage they "are committed to providing the highest quality, culturally and linguistically sensitive, coordinated health care and social services to every patient, regardless of their ability to pay". They offer many different kinds of services from Adult Medicine, Behavioral Health, Dental Care to Nutrition to name a few. If you are interested in visiting this Community Health Center you can book your appointment.

Transportation
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority or MBTA for short doesn't have any trains that run directly through the South End. There are only three train lines that run near this community. By taking the Green line it will take you to Copley or the Prudential which are two stops that are walking distance from the South End. You can either take the Silver line which runs to Washington Street, or the Orange line will take you to Massachusetts Avenue and Back Bay. All these stops will leave you within walking distance of the South End.

Another means of public transportation that can be taken to get to the South End is by taking the bus. Bus line 43 runs through the South End. It is the only means of public transportation that actually runs through this community. Bus line 43 has a stop right on Tremont Street which is located in the South End. These are two different means of public transportation that are easily accessible through the MBTA that can be used to get to the South End.



Education
The South End has 5 primary and secondary schools, you can find education from Kindergarten through grade 12. The McKinley South End Academy is four schools in one. It is a special education school that focuses on behavioral, emotional and learning needs. Also in the South End there is the Josiah Quincy Upper School that holds grades 6 to 12. It balances the requirements for core subjects with the requirements of world languages, the arts and physical education. There us also the Blackstone Elementary School that holds over 500 students from diverse backgrounds. The Blackstone holds Pre-Kindergarten to grade 5, these schools that are found in the neighborhood of the South End belong to the Boston School systems. Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology is a four year school for students who want to get a degree in the technical field. It is also conveniently located in the South End.

Entertainment
The South End is very popular when it comes to entertainment with many bars, restaurants, art galleries, and boutiques located in the neighborhood. With the South End becoming increasingly popular with the artsy population it is no wonder there are many art galleries that are located here. One of them being Boston Center for the Arts which "supports three resident theater companies and houses an art gallery and studio space for local artists." The Boston Center for the Arts holds a building called Cyclorama, "a massive brick rotunda built in 1884 and topped by a copper skylight dome, which is included on the National Register of Historic Places." When it comes to the nightlife, the South End is home to many bars and clubs, a very popular gay club that is located in the South End is Club Café. This club has been opened since 1983, and it's owner says it was the first gay club in Boston that have windows, it is not only a club but it also serves lunch, dinner and Sunday brunch. For bars there are many that you can find here with one of them being Delux Cafe, it is a windowless hipster dive bar/ restaurant. For boutiques, the South End has Uniform that is for trendy men. Here you can find sweaters, wallets, etc. from brands like Ben Sherman, and Fred Perry. Another boutique you can find in the South End is Sooki for a "one-of-a-kind women’s clothing, handcrafted jewelry, trendy shoes, and irresistible accessories from around the globe." When it comes to restaurants the South End is filled with many of them that offer delicious foods from all over the world. The South End has The Beehive that serves "fall of the bone" baby back ribs. It also has Kitchen a restaurant that takes you back in time with their food, and Metropolis is the South End Mediterranean bistro that is known for its French and Italian food. These are just some of the many bars, restaurants, art galleries, and boutiques that you can find in the very diverse South End.