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Indonesian People's Voice Party
Indonesian People's Voice Party (Partai Swara Rakyat Indonesia), abbreviated as Parsindo, is a political party in Indonesia. The party is headed by M Jusuf Rizal and received legal recognition from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights on 15 November 2013.

Abdurrahman Wahid's 23 July 2001 Decree


President of Indonesia Decree of 23 July 2001 (Indonesian: Maklumat Presiden Republik Indonesia 23 Juli 2001) was issued by the fourth President of Indonesia, Abdurrahman Wahid, on the climax of his standoff against the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) and other parts of the society, which includes the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI).

The decree ordered the disbandment of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) and the People's Representative Council (DPR), to "return the sovereignty to the people" by calling a general election to be held in a year, and to remove all remnants of the New Order regime by disbanding Golkar Party.

The parliament retaliated against Wahid's decree and immediately hold a special session of the MPR to impeach Wahid on the very same day. Wahid's position further cornered by TNI-POLRI refusal to abide by his decree. The decree saw the downfall of Wahid from his presidency as the impeachment motion was successfully passed by the MPR, and Megawati Soekarnoputri was voted to succeed him as the President on the following day.

Background
President of Indonesia action to enact a decree already had its precedent from 1959, when President Soekarno's Presidential Decree ordered the disbandment of the Konstituante and to reintroduce the 1945 Constitution. The 1959 Decree was enacted to address the failure of the Konstituante to draw a new constitution to replace the 1950 Provisional Constitution, and then to vote on a two-thirds majority to return to the 1945 Constitution.

Wahid presidency
From the start of his presidency, Wahid's stance and position were at odds with many politicians and members of the society. Wahid's conciliatory move to Israel and further proposal to engage in trade with the country was opposed by highly pro-Palestinian Indonesian Muslims argued that nothing could justify Indonesia relations with Israel.

His relationship with the TNI was also equally turbulent. His decision to appoint his ally Agus Wirahadikusumah as Kostrad commander on April 2000 was opposed by many military top brass. The opposition was mainly caused by his reformist and highly partisan stance, especially after his audit results shown discrepancy of Kostrad finance management, and further after he personally called Wiranto to be sacked from his ministerial post. Under threat of a wave of resignations of military commanders should Agus remain, Wahid decided to bow to pressure and replace Agus with Ryamizard Ryacudu.

Wahid's fluctuate relationship with his cabinet ministers resulting in total of 18 replacements of ministers in his two-years presidency. Some ministers sacked simply because of their refusal to cooperate and was showing disobedient traits, yet some others were replaced due to more serious allegations of human rights violations (of Wiranto) and suspected corrupt behaviour (of Jusuf Kalla and Laksamana Sukardi).

Scandals and following memoranda
Buloggate and Bruneigate

The MPR issued the first memorandum