User:Nachodoritokiwi/Transporte Metropolitano de Valparaíso

The Plan de Transporte Metropolitano de Valparaíso (Valparaíso Metropolitan Transport Plan), also known as "TransValparaíso" or by it's acronym TMV (also called Sistema de Transporte Público de Gran Valparaiso internally), is a public transportation system that operates in Greater Valparaíso, Chile, serving the cities of Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Concón, Quilpué and Villa Alemana. It's operation model is based on business units that groups different bus and trolley routes.

History of public transport in Valparaíso
Valparaíso implemented its first public transportation system on March 28, 1863 at the hands of the Compañía del Ferrocarril Urbano (Urban Railway Company), with 25 streetcars that ran through the center of the city. The relationship between the company and the municipality was difficult mainly because of the problems involved in paving with cobblestone and leveling the stops in places with ravines and drains. By 1880 the system had 350 horses and 63 cars, and 5 million people were transported annually. Despite the poor service, the municipality renewed its contract with the company in 1883. By 1900, the route was 13 kilometers long and carried 16 million passengers a year.

With the expansion of the city towards the hills and Viña del Mar, the modernization of the transportation system was urgently needed. On December 26, 1904, seven electric cars were implemented to cover the Baron-Aduana service along Brasil Avenue. In January 1906 the Baron-Recreo service was inaugurated and later extended to Viña del Mar. In 1910, the fleet consisted of 85 cars to cover 25 kilometers and an annual passenger flow of 32 million. In 1913, a Matadero (now Portales)-Chorrillos and a Barón along Tocornal Street service were implemented, increasing the system's range to 40 kilometers distributed in 12 lines. In 1920 the system operated with 52 streetcars, because most of them were damaged in a series of protests due to political unrest.

In June 1923 the first bus services were implemented in the city to complement the tramway network. Services to Cerro Ramaditas and O'Higgins were implemented and the Viña del Mar-Puerto service was extended. The municipality decided to transfer the transport concession to a British consortium due to the multiple accidents and negligences creeping the system. In 1930 it was transferred again, this time to a North American company. The network had a 50 kilometer range.

On December 5, 2022, it was announced that the city would recieve new "RED standard" buses (buses with a color scheme identical to that used in RED Metropolitana de Movilidad (Metropolitan Mobility Network)) for the Valparaíso Region, benefiting one million passengers in the cities of Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Concón, Villa Alemana and Quilpué. Specifically, the bidding process contemplated the progressive acquisition of 2,000 new buses, better frequencies, extended schedules, electronic fare collection and more security for drivers and passengers. Due to the overhaul, is expected that the entire regional transportation system will be renamed RED Valparaíso de Movilidad (Valparaíso Mobility Network). The new bus fleet is expected to be received in September 2025.

On December 20, 2022, the RED Regional de Movilidad (Regional Mobility Network) app was launched, a platform that allows users to know the real time of routes, authorized stops, location, frequency and schedule of buses in Greater Valparaiso. This application is similar to the one that works in the Santiago Metropolitan Region.

Business Units
The TMV system contains 10 active Business Units, which correspond to the following companies and colors.:

Pricing
The system's fare is classified according to the sections traveled: Local, Directo and Cerro Plan, which is readjusted monthly according to a polynomial calculation that includes the price of diesel oil, the replacement value of the bus, the cost of labor and the price of tires.

As of October 16, 2018, fares suffered an increase of 10 pesos, due to the increase in the value of oil. This was repeated again as of November 15, and in the third instance as of December 15, when a new modification was made to the fare's cost.

Since January 15, 2019, the fares suffer the first adjustment of the year, mainly increasing the value of the Directo and Directo Troncal Sur services.

The following table shows the fares according to each route between March 15, 2019 and May 2021 in Chilean pesos:

Achievements and goals
Among the plan's achievements and goals, the main ones are the following:


 * Reduction and removal of very old buses: reducing the risk of accidents due to technical failures and material fatigue.
 * Reduction of traffic jams and congestion.
 * Reduction in the useful life of rolling stock: from 10.2 years to 4.9 years, excluding trolleybuses.
 * Frequency improvements: the Concessioned System requires a minimum frequency of 4 vehicles/hour, which is currently met, but in some populous sectors it is insufficient.
 * Fleet Information System (GPS): the system requires the use of this device, which allows to monitor the speed of the buses, the required frequencies and the total compliance of the circuit.
 * Order of units by color, which has allowed clarity for users, thus projecting a better image. Each concessioned Business Unit is identified by a combination of colors, a name of its service and a number, which gives the first digit of the three to the different routes of the concessioned company. In 2006, the School of Design of the Universidad de Valparaíso collaborated in designing the corporate logo of the TMV Plan, and the exterior and interior signage of the buses and trolleybuses.


 * Driving personnel: During the workday, drivers must wear the institutional uniform that depends on the business unit, but which in general is a shirt with the TMV logo, in some cases a tie and sleeveless or sleeved vest depending on the season. In addition, the concessionaire must maintain in force an insurance policy for death or disability due to accidents or assaults during the entire concession period, and fully comply with Law No. 16,744 on occupational accidents and diseases. All this added to the implementation of a fixed salary for each driver, putting an end to the "cut ticket" system, was intended to achieve a better treatment of the hundreds of passengers that travel in the Greater Valparaíso area.
 * Regulation of bus and trolleybus fares: previously the system fares were set independently by the operators. With the TMV, fares were even lowered on some routes, and a common fare readjustment polynomial was established for all units.
 * Guarantee slips: as in Transantiago, this is an important method of control and inspection of the service provided by the operators, which works in conjunction with the GPS systems. There are currently 14 charge procedures open against the concessionaires, which means that, once the collection is made, there will be greater compliance with the TMV regulations.

Incidents

 * On September 22, 2021 a collision occurred between a 309 bus and a high tonnage truck in Placilla de Peñuelas, resulting in 7 injuries.
 * On October 4, 2021 a bus of Business Unit N°1 impacted with three cars on Errázuriz Avenue in Valparaíso, resulting in 2 injuries.
 * On October 19, 2021, 15 people were injured when a 602 bus collided with a light pole in the Ositos sector of Viñar del Mar.

Véase también

 * Trolleybuses in Valparaíso
 * Valparaíso Metro
 * Valparaíso funiculars
 * Red Metropolitana de Movilidad