User:Nansjam/sandbox

Wikipedia articles I plan to focus on this semester: Women in Media, Women in Journalism, Exploitation of women in mass media, Media and Gender

Annotated Bibliography for work on Exploitation of women in Mass Media
Friend Networking Sites and Their Relationship to Adolescents' Well-Being and Social Self-Esteem

MLA:

Valkenburg, Patti M., et al. “Friend Networking Sites and Their Relationship to Adolescents Well-Being and Social Self-Esteem.” CyberPsychology & Behavior, vol. 9, no. 5, 2006, pp. 584–590., doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584.

APA:

Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend Networking Sites and Their Relationship to Adolescents Well-Being and Social Self-Esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 584-590. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584

In this journal, authors Patti Valkenburg, Jochen Peter, and Alexander Schouten examine the impact that adolescents' frequency of usage of social media has on their sense of self and relationships. This was particularly useful as a starting-off point for my research; before conducting research specifically on the effects social media has on young women, I felt I needed to establish social media's impact on adolescents and society as a whole. It was in this journal that I found evidence that social media use stimulated the number of relationships formed on the particular social platform, the frequency with which adolescents received feedback on their profiles, and the tone (either positive or negative) of this feedback.

Disentangling social media influence in crises: Testing a four-factor model of social media influence with large data

MLA:

Zhao, Xinyan, et al. “Disentangling Social Media Influence in Crises: Testing a Four-Factor Model of Social Media Influence with Large Data.” Public Relations Review, vol. 44, no. 4, 2018, pp. 549–561., doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.08.002.

APA:

Zhao, X., Zhan, M., & Liu, B. F. (2018). Disentangling social media influence in crises: Testing a four-factor model of social media influence with large data. Public Relations Review, 44(4), 549-561. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.08.002

This source also helped to establish a basis for my argument that social media negatively impacts women. The focal point of this journal was to establish how social media provides a platform for all of the public to voice their opinions and feel empowered. In this study, they specified how different social media platforms positively and negatively impact one's online presence. I used this as evidence of how social media can affect adolescents (young women specifically) through different behavioral indicators.

The Effect of Social Media in Young Girls

MLA:

Tran, Miribel. “The Message I Want All Girls To Hear.” The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 21 June 2014, www.huffingtonpost.com/miribel-tran/the-effect-of-social-medi_b_5161886.html.

APA:

Tran, M. (2014, June 21). The Message I Want All Girls To Hear. Retrieved October 18, 2018, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/miribel-tran/the-effect-of-social-medi_b_5161886.html

This resource was most helpful in specifying the research on the negative effects social media has on young women. Information from this source centered my focus back on the specific purpose behind the article: exploitation of women on different forms of media rather than the general impact of media on society and perception. This article outlined how social media has been linked to depression, and how this affects many different aspects in young girls' lives including weight and academic performance.

An Investigation into Gender Role Conformity in an Online Social Networking Environment

MLA:

Fawzi, Alexander, and Andrea Szymkowiak. “An Investigation into Gender Role Conformity in an Online Social Networking Environment.” Social Computing and Social Media Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014, pp. 322–330., doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07632-4_31.

APA:

Fawzi, A., & Szymkowiak, A. (2014). An Investigation into Gender Role Conformity in an Online Social Networking Environment. Social Computing and Social Media Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 322-330. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07632-4_31

In this journal, the authors analyze how people behave differently in traditional, offline social interacts compared to how people behave on social media. Their findings reported that males and females had vastly different presences on social media. In addition, the study found that women conformed to gender stereotypes, such as being more emotional, more often than males. These findings were helpful in supporting the idea that there are different stereotypes women are compelled to conform to on social media, and different stereotypes on social media than in real life.

Gender roles on social networking sites: investigating reciprocal relationships between Dutch adolescents’ hypermasculinity and hyperfemininity and sexy online self-presentations

MLA:

Oosten, Johanna M. F. Van, et al. “Gender Roles on Social Networking Sites: Investigating Reciprocal Relationships between Dutch Adolescents’ Hypermasculinity and Hyperfemininity and Sexy Online Self-Presentations.” Journal of Children and Media, vol. 11, no. 2, 2017, pp. 147–166., doi:10.1080/17482798.2017.1304970.

APA:

Oosten, J. M., Vandenbosch, L., & Peter, J. (2017). Gender roles on social networking sites: Investigating reciprocal relationships between Dutch adolescents’ hypermasculinity and hyperfemininity and sexy online self-presentations. Journal of Children and Media, 11(2), 147-166. doi:10.1080/17482798.2017.1304970

This journal provided a six-month experiment with 1467 Dutch adolescents that concluded adolescents’ hypergender orientation predicted more frequent sexy self-presentation and exposure to others’ sexy self-presentations in social media. It is predominantly women that feel pressured to conform to hyper femininity and stereotypical gender role orientation. This data was helpful establishing the significant difference between how women and men feel societal pressures to represent themselves in a certain way based on gender orientation. It clearly outlines that women more often represent themselves using "sexy self-presentation", furthering the exploitation of women on social media.

The Impact of Internet Social Networking on Young Women’s Mood and Body Image Satisfaction: An Experimental Design

MLA:

Scirro o Drames, T. (2016). "The Impact of Internet Social Networking on Young Women’s Mood and Body Image Satisfaction: An Experimental Design". PCOM Psychology Dissertations. Paper 395.

APA:

Scirrotto Drames, Tara, " The Impact of Internet Social Networking on Young Women’s Mood and Body Image Satisfaction: An Experimental Design" 2016. PCOM Psychology Dissertations. 395.

This dissertation dives into the specific impact social media networking sites have on women. Tara Scirrotto Drames tests 241 women using a series of various images on fake networking cites, measuring their mood and body image satisfaction post-exposure. The results of this experiment suggest that participants "exposed to very attractive-thin images had changes in the negative direction in mood and body image state satisfaction, while participants in the nonthin conditions had changes in the positive direction on these same variables." These results support my argument that social media is a major factor impacting young women’s mood and perceptions of their bodies, particularly through the processes of physical-appearance comparison.

Social Media May Be More Harmful To Girls Than Boys, Study Finds

MLA:

Walton, Alice G. “Social Media May Be More Harmful To Girls Than Boys, Study Finds.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 20 Mar. 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2018/03/20/social-media-may-be-more-psychologically-harmful-to-girls-than-boys/#242d8f347e35.

APA:

Walton, A. G. (2018, March 20). Social Media May Be More Harmful To Girls Than Boys, Study Finds. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2018/03/20/social-media-may-be-more-psychologically-harmful-to-girls-than-boys/#242d8f347e35

Forbes presents a new study conducted by BMC Public Health and the University of Essex finds a link between social media use in childhood and poorer psychological well-being in adolescence. In addition, it is much more frequent in young girls than boys. After analyzing data from over 10,000 families, they found girls used social media more than boys did, and their mental health seemed to suffer for it. At ages 10-15, girls consistently reported lower levels of happiness, and they reported more social and emotional difficulties as they aged, compared to boys. This further supports my arguments that social media poses negative effects on women.

Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Women

MLA:

American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. 2007. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report-full.pdf

APA:

American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. (2007). Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report-full.pdf

The 2010 report by the American Psychological Association reported on the sexualization of girls in the media and the exposure to media among youth that creates the potential for massive exposure to portrayals that sexualize women and girls and teach girls that women are objects. Their findings concluded that girls are portrayed sexually more often than boys, resulting in anxiety, feelings of shame, eating disorders, lower self-esteem, and depression. This source provided an in-depth look at the results of exploitation of women on social media and how it has effected women as individuals and in society.