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William Snyder is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Connecticut. His work relates the time course of language acquisition in children to the patterns of grammatical vari­ation across languages, and thereby seeks to identify the child’s learning procedures and hypothesis space. Research top­ics include argument structure (datives, resultatives, particles, path phrases), A- and A-bar movement (passives, reflexive-clitic constructions, P-stranding, compara­tives), compound words, and syllable structure. A past editor of the journal Language Acquisition, Snyder is author of Child Language: The Parametric Approach, and co-editor of the Oxford Handbook of Developmental Linguistics.

Research
William Snyder is known as an advocate of the Principles-and-Parameters (P&P) approach, both when investigating grammatical variation across languages of the world, and when investigating children's acquisition of a grammar for their native language. The P&P framework is based on the hypothesis that grammatical differences across languages are abstract (i.e., not tied directly to individual surface constructions) and narrowly constrained (allowing only a small number of possibilities).

Books

 * Snyder, William (2007). Child Language: The Parametric Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 * Jeffrey Lids, William Snyder & Joe Pater (Editors) (2019). The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Articles

 * Snyder, W. (in press) How to set the Compounding Parameter. In Proceedings of GALANA 6 (Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition – North America).
 * Lidz, Jeffrey, William Snyder & Joseph Pater, editors. (in press) The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 * Snyder, W. & Nina Hyams. (in press) Mimimality effects in children’s passives. In Elisa Di Domenico, Cornelia Hamann & Simona Matteini (eds.) Structures,
 * Strategies and Beyond (Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
 * Snyder, W. (2014) Universal Grammar and language development. In Patricia J. Brooks & Vera Kempe (eds.) The Encyclopedia of Language Development, 651-654. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
 * Hanink, Emily A. & W. Snyder. (2014) Particles and compounds in German: Evidence for the Compounding Parameter. Language Acquisition 21(2):199-211. [DOI: 10.1080/10489223.2014.884570]
 * Snyder, W. (2013) On the relationship between syntactic competence and language processing. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 33(3):345-349.
 * Goodrich, Mary & W. Snyder. (2013) Atelic paths and the Compounding Parameter: Evidence from acquisition. In Nobu Goto, Koichi Otaki, Atsushi Sato
 * Kensuke Takita (eds.) Proceedings of GLOW in Asia IX 2012, 19-30. Mie, Japan: Mie University.
 * Sugisaki, Koji & W. Snyder. (2013) Children’s Grammatical Conservatism: New evidence. In Misha Becker, John Grinstead & Jason Rothman (eds.) Generative Linguistics and Acquisition: Studies in Honor of Nina M. Hyams (LALD 54), 291-308. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
 * Snyder, W. (2012) Parameter theory and motion predicates. In Violeta Demonte & Louise McNally (eds.) Telicity, Change, and State: A Cross-categorial View of Event Structure (OSTL 39), 279-299. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 * Eom, Soyoung & W. Snyder. (2012) Children’s acquisition of English datives: Competing parametric accounts. In Yukio Otsu (ed.) Proceedings of the 2012 Tokyo Conference on Psycholinguistics, 41-59. Tokyo: Hituzi Shobo.
 * Snyder, W. (2011) Children’s Grammatical Conservatism: Implications for syntactic theory [Plenary Address]. In Nick Danis, Kate Mesh & Hyunsuk Sung (eds.) BUCLD 35: Proceedings of the 35th annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, Volume I, 1-20. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Snyder, W. & Diane Lillo-Martin. (2011) Principles and Parameters Theory and language acquisition. In Patrick Hogan (ed.) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences, 670-673. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
 * Xu, Ting & W. Snyder. (2011) Children’s 2Aux negative questions: Elicited production versus spontaneous speech. In Mihaela Pirvulescu, María Cristina Cuervo, Ana T. Pérez-Leroux, Jeffrey Steele & Nelleke Strik (eds.) Selected Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition North America (GALANA 2010), 277-285. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Lillo-Martin, Diane & W. Snyder. (2010) Commentary on Syntax at age two. Language Acquisition 17:66-69.
 * Sugisaki, Koji & W. Snyder. (2010) Fragments in child English and Spanish. In Yukio Otsu (ed.) Proceedings of the Eleventh Tokyo Conference on Psycholinguistics, 253-268. Tokyo: Hituzi Shobo.
 * Villa-García, Julio & W. Snyder. (2010) On the acquisition of overt subjects, topic, and wh-questions in Spanish. In João Costa, Ana Castro, Maria Lobo & Fernanda Pratas (eds.) Proceedings of Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition 2009 (GALA 2009), 493-504. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
 * Villa-García, Julio, W. Snyder & José Riqueros-Morante. (2010) On the analysis of lexical subjects in Caribbean and Mainland Spanish: Evidence from L1 Acquisition. In Katie Franich, Kate M. Iserman & Lauren L. Keil (eds.) BUCLD 34: Proceedings of the 34th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 333-344. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Lillo-Martin, Diane & W. Snyder. (2009) Commentary on ‘Capturing the evasive passive’. Language Acquisition 16:118-122.
 * Snyder, W. (2008) Children’s Grammatical Conservatism: Implications for linguistic theory. In Tetsuya Sano, Mika Endo, Miwa Isobe, Koichi Otaki, Koji Sugisaki & Takeru Suzuki (eds.) An Enterprise in the Cognitive Science of Language: A Festschrift for Yukio Otsu, 41-51. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo.
 * Isobe, Miwa & W. Snyder. (2008) Child language acquisition as a source of evidence for parameters. Poetica (Special Issue: Current Issues in Generative Grammar and Language Acquisition) 70:1-19.
 * Lillo-Martin, Diane & W. Snyder. (2008) Commentary on ‘The acquisition of inflection: A parameter setting approach’. Language Acquisition 15:210-215.
 * Snyder, W. (2007) Child Language: The Parametric Approach. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
 * Sugisaki, Koji & W. Snyder. (2006) The parameter of preposition stranding: A view from child English. Language Acquisition 13:349-361.
 * Sugisaki, Koji & W. Snyder. (2006) Evaluating the variational model of language acquisition. In Kamil ud Deen, Jun Nomura, Barbara Schulz & Bonnie D.
 * Schwartz (eds.) The Proceedings of the Inaugural Conference on Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition–North America, Honolulu, HI. University of Connecticut Occasional Papers in Linguistics, 4, pp. 345-352.
 * Rodríguez-Mondoñedo, Miguel, W. Snyder & Koji Sugisaki. (2006) The parameter of clitic-climbing: The view from child Spanish. In Kamil ud Deen, Jun Nomura,
 * Barbara Schulz & Bonnie D. Schwartz (eds.) The Proceedings of the Inaugural Conference on Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition–North America, Honolulu, HI. University of Connecticut Occasional Papers in Linguistics, 4, pp. 241-248.
 * Roeper, Thomas & W. Snyder. (2005) Language learnability and the forms of recursion. In Anna Maria Di Sciullo (ed.) UG and External Systems: Language, Brain and Computation, 155-169. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
 * Snyder, W. (with Diane Lillo-Martin). (2005) Motion predicates and the Compounding Parameter. Nanzan Linguistics No.2, March 2005: Research Results and Activities 2004, 103-105. Nagoya, Japan: Center for Linguistics, Nanzan University.
 * Grela, Bernard, W. Snyder & Kazuko Hiramatsu. (2005) The production of novel root compounds in children with Specific Language Impairment. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 19:701-715.
 * Pan, Ning & Snyder, W. (2005) Acquisition of phonological empty categories: A case study of early child Dutch. In Anna Maria Di Sciullo (ed.) UG and External Systems: Language, Brain and Computation, 213-222. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
 * Rodríguez, Miguel, Koji Sugisaki & W. Snyder. (2005) Clitic-climbing in child Spanish and the theory of parameters. In Alejna Brugos, Manuella R. Clark-Cotton & Seungwan Ha (eds.) A Supplement to the Proceedings of the 29th Boston University Conference on Language Development.
 * Snyder, W. & Thomas Roeper. (2004) Learnability and recursion across categories. In Alejna Brugos, Linnea Micciulla & Christine E. Smith (eds.) BUCLD 28: Proceedings of the 28th Boston University Conference on Language Development, 543-552. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Pan, Ning & W. Snyder. (2004) Acquisition of /s/-initial clusters: A parametric approach. In Alejna Brugos, Linnea Micciulla & Christine E. Smith (eds.) BUCLD 28: Proceedings of the 28th Boston University Conference on Language Development, 436-446. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Roeper, Thomas & W. Snyder. (2004) Recursion as an analytic device in acquisition. In Jacqueline van Kampen & Sergio Baauw (eds.) Proceedings of GALA 2003 (Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition), 401-408. LOT Publications, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
 * Pan, Ning & W. Snyder. (2003) Setting the parameters of syllable structure in early child Dutch. In Barbara Beachley, Amanda Brown & Frances Conlin (eds.) BUCLD 27: Proceedings of the 27th Boston University Conference on Language Development, 615-625. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Sugisaki, Koji & W. Snyder. (2003) Do parameters have default values? Evidence from the acquisition of English and Spanish. In Yukio Otsu (ed.) Proceedings of the Fourth Tokyo Conference on Psycholinguistics, 215-237. Tokyo: Hituzi Shobo.
 * Snyder, W. (2002) Language and Mind: A Study Guide. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
 * Snyder, W. (2002) Parameters: The view from child language [Plenary Address]. In Yukio Otsu (ed.) Proceedings of the Third Tokyo Conference on Psycholinguistics, 27-44. Tokyo: Hituzi Shobo.
 * Roeper, Thomas, W. Snyder & Kazuko Hiramatsu. (2002) Learnability in a Minimalist framework: Root compounds, merger, and the syntax-morphology interface. In Ingeborg Lasser (ed.) The Process of Language Acquisition, 25-35. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Verlag.
 * Sugisaki, Koji & W. Snyder. (2002a) Preposition stranding and the Compounding Parameter: A developmental perspective. In Barbora Skarabela, Sarah Fish & Anna H.-J. Do (eds.) BUCLD 26: Proceedings of the 26th Boston University Conference on Language Development, 677-688. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Sugisaki, Koji & W. Snyder. (2002b) The acquisition of preposition stranding and the Compounding Parameter. English Linguistics 19:291-307.
 * Snyder, W. (2001) On the nature of syntactic variation: Evidence from complex predicates and complex word-formation. Language 77:324-342.
 * Snyder, W., Ann Senghas & Kelly Inman. (2001) Agreement morphology and the acquisition of noun-drop in Spanish. Language Acquisition 9:157-173.
 * Bar-Shalom, Eva & W. Snyder. (2001) Descriptive imperatives in early child Russian and early correct use of verbal morphology. In Anna H.-J. Do, Laura Dominguez & Aimee Johansen (eds.) BUCLD 25: Proceedings of the 25th Boston University Conference on Language Development, 94-101. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Beck, Sigrid & W. Snyder. (2001a) Complex predicates and goal PP’s: Evidence for a semantic parameter. In Anna H.-J. Do, Laura Dominguez & Aimee Johansen (eds.) BUCLD 25: Proceedings of the 25th Boston University Conference on Language Development, 114-122. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Beck, Sigrid, & Snyder, William. (2001b) The Resultative Parameter and Restitutive Again. In Caroline Féry & Wolfgang Sternefeld (eds.) Audiatur Vox Sapientiae: A Festschrift for Arnim von Stechow, 48-69. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
 * Sugisaki, Koji & W. Snyder. (2001) Preposition stranding and the double-accusative construction in the acquisition of English. In Yukio Otsu (ed.) Proceedings of the Second Tokyo Conference on Psycholinguistics, 209-225. Tokyo: Hituzi Shobo.
 * Snyder, W. (2000) An experimental investigation of syntactic satiation effects. Linguistic Inquiry 31:575-582.
 * Hiramatsu, Kazuko, W. Snyder, Thomas Roeper, Stephanie Storrs & Matthew Saccoman. (2000) Of musical hand chairs and linguistic swing. In S. Catherine Howell, Sarah A. Fish, and Thea Keith-Lucas (eds.) BUCLD 24: Proceedings of the 24th Boston University Conference on Language Development, 409-417. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Sugisaki, Koji, W. Snyder & Daniel Yaffee. (2000) Preposition stranding and prepositional complementizers in the acquisition of English. In Yukio Otsu (ed.) Proceedings of the First Tokyo Conference on Psycholinguistics, 154-170. Tokyo: Hituzi Shobo.
 * Snyder, W., Deborah Chen, Maki Yamane, Laura Conway & Kazuko Hiramatsu. (1999) On the nature of children’s left-branch violations. In Bart Hollebrandse (ed.) Proceedings of the Workshop on New Perspectives on Language Acquisition, 177-185. Amherst, MA: GLSA.
 * Bar-Shalom, Eva & W. Snyder. (1999) On the relationship between root infinitives and imperatives in early Child Russian. In Annabel Greenhill, Heather Littlefield & Cheryl Tano (eds.) BUCLD 23: Proceedings of the 23rd Boston University Conference on Language Development, 56-67. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Yamane, Maki, Deborah Chen Pichler & W. Snyder. (1999) Subject-object asymmetries and children’s left-branch violations. In A. Greenhill, H. Littlefield, and C. Tano (eds.) BUCLD 23: Proceedings of the 23rd Boston University Conference on Language Development, 732-740. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Snyder, W. (1998) On the aspectual properties of English derived nominals. In Uli Sauerland & Orin Percus (eds.) The Interpretive Tract: Working Papers in Syntax and Semantics (MITWPL Volume 25), 125-139. Cambridge, MA: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics.
 * Snyder, W. and Eva Bar-Shalom. (1998) Word order, finiteness, and negation in early child Russian. In Annabel Greenhill, Mary Hughes, Heather Littlefield & Hugh Walsh (eds.) BUCLD 22: Proceedings of the 22nd Boston University Conference on Language Development, 717-725. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Bar-Shalom, Eva & W. Snyder. (1998) Root infinitives in child Russian: A comparison with Italian and Polish. In Richard Shillcock, Antonella Sorace & Caroline Heycock (eds.) Language Acquisition: Knowledge Representation and Processing. Proceedings of GALA ’97, 22-27. Edinburgh, UK: The University of Edinburgh.
 * Boskovic, Zeljko, Steven Franks & W. Snyder, editors. (1998) Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics: The Connecticut Meeting 1997. Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications.
 * Chen, Deborah, Maki Yamane & W. Snyder. (1998) On the nature of left branch violations in child English. In Annabel Greenhill, Mary Hughes, Heather Littlefield & Hugh Walsh (eds.) BUCLD 22: Proceedings of the 22nd Boston University Conference on Language Development, 91-96. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Snyder, W. & Deborah Chen. (1997) The syntax-morphology interface in the acquisition of French and English. In Kiyomi Kusumoto (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 27 (North East Linguistic Society), 413-424.Amherst, MA: GLSA.
 * Snyder, W. & Ann Senghas. (1997) Agreement morphology and the acquisition of Noun-drop in Spanish. In Elizabeth Hughes, Mary Hughes & Annabel Greenhill (eds.) BUCLD 21: Proceedings of the 21st Boston University Conference on Language Development, 584-591. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Snyder, W. & Karin Stromswold. (1997) The structure and acquisition of English dative constructions. Linguistic Inquiry 28:281-317.
 * Bar-Shalom, Eva & W. Snyder. (1997) Optional infinitives in child Russian and their implications for the pro-drop debate. In Martina Lindseth & Steven Franks (eds.) Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics: The Indiana Meeting 1996, 38-47. Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications.
 * Pica, Pierre & W. Snyder. (1997) On the syntax and semantics of local anaphors in French and English. In Anna-Maria Di Sciullo (ed.) Projections and Interface Conditions, 235-250. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
 * Snyder, W. (1996) The acquisitional role of the syntax-morphology interface: Morphological compounds and syntactic complex predicates. In Andy Stringfellow, Dalia Cahana-Amitay, Elizabeth Hughes & Andrea Zukowski (eds.) BUCLD 20: Proceedings of the 20th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 728-735. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Bar-Shalom, Eva, W. Snyder & Jason Boro. (1996) Evidence for the optional infinitive stage in Russian. In Anne Halbert & Kazumi Matsuoka (eds.) Papers on Acquisition and Processing, 1-11. Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut Working Papers in Linguistics.
 * Snyder, W. (1995) A neo-Davidsonian approach to resultatives, particles, and datives. In Jill Beckman (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 25 (North East Linguistic Society), 457-472. Amherst, MA: GLSA.
 * Snyder, W. & Dolon Das. (1995) The syntactic representation of degree and number in children’s English: Evidence for delayed parametric learning. In Dawn MacLaughlin & Susan McEwen (eds.) BUCLD 19: Proceedings of the 19th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 611-617. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Snyder, W., Nina Hyams & Paola Crisma. (1995) Romance auxiliary selection with reflexive clitics: Evidence for early knowledge of unaccusativity. In Eve Clark (ed.) Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual Child Language Research Forum, 127-136. Stanford, CA: CSLI.
 * Snyder, W., Kenneth Wexler & Dolon Das. (1995) The syntactic representation of degree and quantity: Perspectives from Japanese and child English. In Raúl Aranovich, William Byrne, Susanne Preuss & Martha Senturia (eds.) Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics XIII, 581-596. Stanford, CA: CSLI.
 * Pica, P. & W. Snyder. (1995) Weak crossover, scope, and agreement in a minimalist framework. In Raúl Aranovich, William Byrne, Susanne Preuss & Martha Senturia (eds.) Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics XIII, 334-349. Stanford, CA: CSLI.
 * Stromswold, Karin & W. Snyder. (1995) Acquisition of datives, particles, and related constructions: Evidence for a parametric account. In Dawn MacLaughlin & Susan McEwen (eds.) Proceedings of the 19th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 621-628. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
 * Snyder, W. (1995) Language Acquisition and Language Variation: The Role of Morphology. Doctoral dissertation, MIT. Distributed by MIT Working Papers in Linguistics.
 * Snyder, W. (1992) The Chain Condition and double object constructions in Albanian. In Sjef Barbiers, Marcel den Dikken & Claartje Levelt (eds.) Proceedings of the Third Leiden Conference for Junior Linguists (LCJL3), 267-277. The Netherlands: Leiden University.
 * Snyder, W. & Susan Rothstein. (1992) A note on contraction, case, and complementizers. The Linguistic Review 9:251-266.