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Julia Randall Weertman, née Julia Randall, (February 10, 1926 – July 31, 2018) was an American materials scientist who taught at Northwestern University as the Walter P. Murphy Professor of Materials Science and Engineering. Weertman was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 1988, "for exceptional research on failure mechanisms in high-temperature alloys." She received the 2014 John Fritz Medal from the American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES) for "her role in the understanding of failure in materials and for inspiring generations of young women to pursue careers in the science and engineering fields". She was also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), ASM International, and the first female Fellow of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS). She was the first woman in the United States to lead a materials science department when she was appointed chair of Northwestern's Department of Materials Science and Engineering in 1987.

Weertman died, aged 92, on July 31, 2018.

exceptional contributions to our understanding of failure in materials and for inspiring generations of young women to pursue careers in the science and engineering disciplines

NEW

Julia Randall Weertman, née Julia Randall, (February 10, 1926 – July 31, 2018) was an American materials scientist who taught at Northwestern University as the Walter P. Murphy Professor of Materials Science and Engineering.

She was the first female student of the College of Science and Engineering at the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now known as Carnegie Mellon University), where she earned her baccalaureate and graduate degrees. Weertman met her husband Johannes at Carnegie Institute of Technology, and both later joined the Northwestern University faculty. In 1986, Julia Weertman was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. She became the first woman in the United States to lead a materials science department when she was appointed chair of Northwestern's Department of Materials Science and Engineering in 1987. Weertman was elected into the National Academy of Engineering in 1988, "for exceptional research on failure mechanisms in high-temperature alloys." In 1989, she became the first female member of the Board of Directors of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. She was also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, ASM International, and the first female Fellow of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

Weertman died, aged 92, on July 31, 2018.

ORIGINAL

Julia Randall Weertman, née Julia Randall, (February 10, 1926 – July 31, 2018) was an American materials scientist who taught at Northwestern University as the Walter P. Murphy Professor of Materials Science and Engineering.

She was the first female student of the College of Science and Engineering at the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now known as Carnegie Mellon University), where she earned her baccalaureate and graduate degrees. Weertman met her husband Johannes at Carnegie Institute of Technology, and both later joined the Northwestern University faculty. In 1986, Julia Weertman was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. She became the first woman in the United States to lead a materials science department when she was appointed chair of Northwestern's Department of Materials Science and Engineering in 1987. Weertman was elected into the National Academy of Engineering in 1988, "for exceptional research on failure mechanisms in high-temperature alloys." In 1989, she became the first female member of the Board of Directors of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. She was also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, ASM International, and the first female Fellow of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

Weertman died, aged 92, on July 31, 2018.

Research
Julia Weertman led original research on advanced materials such as high-strength, high-temperature alloys and nanocrystalline metals. As an assistant professor, she started out by establishing a research program on the deformation and creep of metals and alloys. In an interview, she reflected on this time: "Perhaps the hardest challenge I have met was re-entering the work force after 13 years of parenting, switching fields of expertise, and starting up a research program with encouragement but no start-up funds or equipment." Throughout her career, she made many contributions to understanding the basic deformation processes and failure mechanisms in a wide class of materials. She performed groundbreaking work in using neutrons (small-angle neutron-scattering techniques) to study cavitation and damage during the deformation of metals. With these techniques she was able to provide size and shape information about micrometer-sized cavities in a nondestructive manner. Later in her career she explored nanocrystalline metals (long before "nano" had cachet) and the unique mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals where grain boundaries dictate and dominate their strength and deformation characteristics. Julia's work on nanocrystalline copper and palladium, defining the limits of Hall–Petch behavior, remains among the most highly cited work on the mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline solids. After her official retirement (1999), Weertman continued research that focused on fatigue and twinning/detwinning phenomena in nanocrystalline copper. Over her career, Julia was awarded two Special Creativity Awards for Research from the National Science Foundation.

Professional service and leadership
Julia Weertman served on a variety of high-level committees: the National Academy of Engineering Council, the National Research Council (NRC)’s National Materials Advisory Board, the National Academy of Science/NRC Solid State Sciences Committee, the Editorial Board for the journal MRS Bulletin, and the Board of Reviewing Editors for the journal Science. She participated on Department of Energy (DOE) and National Science Foundation (NSF) review committees for the support of neutron scattering facilities and the establishment of new neutron sources. As a global scientist, she would write letters on behalf of scientists persecuted in other countries. In her mentorship of students, Julia often emphasized her view of the obligation that scientists have to take on leadership roles in their professional societies and in public education.

For leadership: "Julia was also an active member of the MRS Bulletin Editorial Board for many years." Wilson, L., & Rao, G. (2018). In memoriam: Julia Weertman (1926–2018) and Johannes Weertman (1925–2018). MRS Bulletin, 43(12), 978-979. doi:10.1557/mrs.2018.309

Leadership: National Academy studies, and on Department of Energy (DOE) and National Science Foundation (NSF) review committees for the support of neutron scattering facilities and the establishment of new neutron sources. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0195-1


 * Leadership: "Through the years she served on a variety of high-level committees, including the National Academy of Engineering Council, the National Research Council (NRC)’s National Materials Advisory Board, the National Academy of Science/NRC Solid State Sciences Committee, and the Board of Reviewing Editors for Science. " https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0195-1
 * Leadership: "When Weertman was asked to make career-related presentations to students, she often emphasized the obligations we have as scientists to take on leadership roles in our professional societies and in public education. She would write letters on behalf of persecuted scientists in faraway lands, taking her responsibility as a global scientist seriously. There were few stronger advocates of professional involvement in the materials community. Her concern for women went far beyond the materials science and engineering field. She was an advocate for women in all walks of life, and at one point became involved in Planned Parenthood and the healthcare it afforded, ultimately presiding over the Evanston, IL, section of the organization." https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0195-1 --- can't find independent Planned Parenthood reference

NOTES TO SELF:

https://www.engineergirl.org/2919/Julia-Weertman

Perhaps the hardest challenge I have met was re-entering the work force after 13 years of parenting, switching fields of expertise, and starting up a research program with encouragement but no start-up funds or equipment.

RESOURCES:
 * starting up a research program with encouragement but no start-up funds or equipment>> I want to include this in the Academic Career Section. It is noteworthy I think!
 * for research "she was an expert on nanocrystalline materials https://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/news/articles/2018/08/professor-emerita-julia-weertman-passes-away.html
 * for research "understanding the basic deformation processes and failure mechanisms in a wide class of materials, from nanocrystalline metals to high-temperature structural alloys. https://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/news/articles/2018/08/professor-emerita-julia-weertman-passes-away.html
 * For research FIELDS (infobox): Fields: materials science, nanocrystalline materials, high-temperature alloys,
 * For research: two Special Creativity Awards for Research from the National Science Foundation, (https://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/news/articles/2018/08/professor-emerita-julia-weertman-passes-away.html)
 * For research: "Julia has made many contributions to understanding the basic deformation processes and failure mechanisms in a wide class of materials, from nanocrystalline metals to high-temperature structural alloys. She broke ground by using neutrons to study cavitation and damage during the deformation of metals. These small-angle neutron-scattering techniques offered a new view of cavitation, providing size and shape information on micrometer-sized cavities in a nondestructive manner. Julia subsequently explored nanocrystalline metals—long before “nano” became big in materials science. She explored the unique mechanical behavior of materials where grain boundaries dictate and dominate their strength and deformation characteristics." https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mrs-bulletin/article/in-memoriam-julia-weertman-19262018-and-johannes-weertman-19252018/15E3FA78B2B11CC1446A5D66DE0D2DD3 Wilson, L., & Rao, G. (2018). In memoriam: Julia Weertman (1926–2018) and Johannes Weertman (1925–2018). MRS Bulletin, 43(12), 978-979. doi:10.1557/mrs.2018.309
 * For awards/honors: "Her career was marked with many honors. " Wilson, L., & Rao, G. (2018). In memoriam: Julia Weertman (1926–2018) and Johannes Weertman (1925–2018). MRS Bulletin, 43(12), 978-979. doi:10.1557/mrs.2018.309
 * For awards/honors: "They were elected to the National Academy of Engineering, and inducted as Fellows of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and Fellows of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation." Wilson, L., & Rao, G. (2018). In memoriam: Julia Weertman (1926–2018) and Johannes Weertman (1925–2018). MRS Bulletin, 43(12), 978-979. doi:10.1557/mrs.2018.309
 * For leadership: "Julia was also an active member of the MRS Bulletin Editorial Board for many years." Wilson, L., & Rao, G. (2018). In memoriam: Julia Weertman (1926–2018) and Johannes Weertman (1925–2018). MRS Bulletin, 43(12), 978-979. doi:10.1557/mrs.2018.309
 * Award: Julia awarded "Honorary Membership" in 2011 for ASM International for “her pioneering contributions in teaching and research accomplishments, and profound service to materials science and engineering, professional societies, and service to the materials community at large.” https://www.asminternational.org/c/portal/pdf/download?articleId=AMP16908P59&groupId=10192
 * Awards -- searched Sigma Xi --- can't find mention of award to Julia Weertman
 * Fellow ASM happened before 1991, according to SWE award 1991 citation
 * Research: groundbreaking work on grain boundary cavities and nanocrystalline metals. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0195-1
 * Leadership: National Academy studies, and on Department of Energy (DOE) and National Science Foundation (NSF) review committees for the support of neutron scattering facilities and the establishment of new neutron sources. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0195-1
 * Research: "establishing a research programme on deformation and creep of metals and alloys. On the suggestion of X-ray expert and colleague Jerome Cohen, she broke new ground by using neutrons to study cavitation and damage during the deformation of metals. These small-angle neutron scattering techniques afforded a new view of cavitation, providing size and shape information on micrometre-sized cavities in a non-destructive manner. The importance of the experiments, and the understanding of creep they provided, led Weertman to become an important voice in National Academy studies, and on Department of Energy (DOE) and National Science Foundation (NSF) review committees for the support of neutron scattering facilities and the establishment of new neutron sources.Weertman then moved to a new research area — nanocrystalline metals — long before ‘nano’ had cachet. She again proved to be a pioneer in studying the unique mechanical behaviour of solids where grain boundaries dominate strength and deformation. Collaborating with Argonne National Laboratory scientists Richard Siegel and Jeffrey Eastman, her work on nanocrystalline Cu and Pd is among the most highly cited work on mechanical behaviour of nanocrystalline solids, defining the limits of Hall–Petch behaviour. Despite official retirement in 1999, Weertman’s research continued unabated, and focused on fatigue and twinning/detwinning phenomena in nanocrystalline Cu."https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0195-1
 * Leadership: "Through the years she served on a variety of high-level committees, including the National Academy of Engineering Council, the National Research Council (NRC)’s National Materials Advisory Board, the National Academy of Science/NRC Solid State Sciences Committee, and the Board of Reviewing Editors for Science. " https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0195-1
 * Leadership: "When Weertman was asked to make career-related presentations to students, she often emphasized the obligations we have as scientists to take on leadership roles in our professional societies and in public education. She would write letters on behalf of persecuted scientists in faraway lands, taking her responsibility as a global scientist seriously. There were few stronger advocates of professional involvement in the materials community. Her concern for women went far beyond the materials science and engineering field. She was an advocate for women in all walks of life, and at one point became involved in Planned Parenthood and the healthcare it afforded, ultimately presiding over the Evanston, IL, section of the organization." https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0195-1 --- can't find independent Planned Parenthood reference
 * awards: https://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/news/articles/2014/03/julia-weertman-to-receive-john-fritz-medal.html "Her career has been marked by many honors. She received the Von Hippel Award from the Materials Research Society in 2003, the ASM International Gold Medal in 2005, two Special Creativity Awards for Research from the National Science Foundation, a Guggenheim Fellowship, a Leadership Award from the Mineral, Metals, and Materials Society (TMS), and a Distinguished Engineering Educator Award from the Society of Women Engineers. She is a fellow of the TMS and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as well as the National Academy of Engineering.  Established in 1902, the John Fritz Medal honors researchers for “outstanding scientific or industrial achievements.” Past recipients include Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, George Westinghouse, and Orville Wright."
 * https://www.tms.org/portal/Professional_Development/Honors___Awards/Ellen_Swallow_Richards_Diversity_Award.aspx
 * https://www.tms.org/portal/PROFESSIONAL_DEVELOPMENT/Honors___Awards/Fellow_Award/portal/Professional_Development/Honors___Awards/Fellow_Award.aspx?hkey=5de46085-4045-435f-9f36-14072c0fbfbc
 * https://www.tms.org/portal/Professional_Development/Honors___Awards/Institute_of_Metals_Robert_Franklin_Mehl_Award.aspx
 * https://www.tms.org/portal/Professional_Development/Honors___Awards/Leadership_Award.aspx
 * https://www.tms.org/portal/Professional_Development/Honors___Awards/TMS_ASM_Joint_Distinguished_Lectureship_in_Materials_and_Society_Award.aspx
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_National_Academy_of_Engineering_(Materials)
 * https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ct-met-julia-weertman-obituary-20180830-story.html
 * https://www.northwestern.edu/hidden-no-more/faculty-profiles/julia-weertman.html
 * https://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/news/articles/2018/08/professor-emerita-julia-weertman-passes-away.html
 * https://www.engineergirl.org/2919/Julia-Weertman
 * https://www.nae.edu/28279/Dr-Julia-R-Weertman
 * https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-018-0195-1#citeas
 * https://www.asminternational.org/search?p_p_id=webcontentfilters_WAR_webcontentsearchportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view
 * https://www.asminternational.org/membership/awards/asm-fellows
 * https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1557/mrs.2018.309.pdf
 * https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11837-018-3232-2.pdf
 * https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ct-met-hans-weertman-obituary-20181102-story.html

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