User:Natwijesinghe/sandbox


 * 1) Uses
 * 2) 1 Bladder One study took place in early June of 2013. It utilized electrodes, but it was not necessary for them to be implanted in the subject.  One purpose of the study was to look at how EMS helped (or didn't help) men who had bladder incontinence. The effects of the EMS training were contrasted to the effects of a placebo or lack of treatment to see if EMS elicited a special response. Another purpose of the study was to look at the difference in results when a certain single treatment was applied alone to the subject  versus if the treatment was applied along with the EMS. The last purpose of this study was to look at the difference in results of the EMS alone in comparison to another type of EMS treatment. After experimenting, these conclusions were drawn: when EMS was applied, the subjects experience more negative results, such as pain. There was some data to suggest that EMS, when paired with another treatment called pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), actually helped increase the effects of the PMFT for a short while, but there was no lasting change. A second study took place in early December of 2016, again using EMS with  electrodes outside, rather than inside the stomach. This time the study was used to look at the effects of EMS on adults with overactive bladders. It had all the same objectives as the first study, the only difference being that the first study was done on subjects with bladder incontinence and this study was done on subjects with overactive bladder. The conclusions that arose from this study were that EMS could potentially help in controlling overactive bladder, and there is a chance that another treatment, such as PFMT or medications,  paired with EMS could also help in controlling overactive bladder.
 * 3) 2 Physiotherapy Effect  of 2 Different Types of EMS on Upper-Limb Motor Skill and Pinch Grip               This study took place in early April of 2014. In this study, eight adults were tested, all of whom were healthy. Two different EMSs were applied to each adult on their thumb and ulnar nerve at separate times to see the effect each would have on their pinch grip and motor skill. There was a very positive effect on motor skill after each of the stimuli, but there seemed to be no effect on pinch grip. The results indicated that the short term muscle stimulation was more effect than ulnar nerve stimulation.
 * 4) 2 Physiotherapy Comparison of Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Electrical Muscle Stimulation, and Magnetic Nerve Stimulation to Assess Neuromuscular Function of Plantar Flexor Muscles. This study took place in mid-February of 2015. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of  EMS, electrical nerve stimulation (ENS), and magnetic nerve stimulation (MNS) on the plantar flexor muscles. The subjects in this study had muscles that were tired. After evaluation of this study, it was determined that all of these stimuli had the same effect on the muscles, and therefor anyone of them could be used in place of the other.
 * 5) 2 Physiotherapy  Low-Intensity EMS induces Significant Increases in Muscle Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness. This study took place in November of 2016.