User:Ncchild/Interstate 85 in North Carolina

Interstate 85 (I-85) is part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Montgomery, Alabama to Richmond, Virginia. In North Carolina, I-85 travels 234.6 mi through the Piedmont region of the state. I-85 enters North Carolina from South Carolina near Grover, North Carolina and travels eastward to Charlotte. In Charlotte, the highway transitons to a northeast-southwest routing and continues to Greensboro. I-85 transitions to an east-west routing between Greensboro and Durham while running concurrently with I-40 between Greensboro and Hillsborough. In Durham, I-85 transitions back to a northeast-southwest routing, serving the cities of Oxford and Henderson before reaching the Virginia state line near Wise, North Carolina. I-85 serves the Charlotte, Piedmont Triad, and Research Triangle regions of North Carolina, the three most populated in the state. There are three current auxillary Interstates in North Carolina related to I-85, in addition to one proposed auxillary Interstate, and one Business Loop I-85 (BL I-85) designation.

Charlotte metropolitan area
I-85 enters the state from Cherokee County, South Carolina near Grover in Cleveland County. The interstate begins by running northeast, largely parallel to U.S. Route 29 (US 29), bypassing the towns of Grover and Archdale. I-85 meets US 29 approximately 3.5 mi northeast of the state line and both highways run concurrently toward Kings Mountain. I-85 runs along the southern and eastern side of Kings Mountain bypassing the downtown area and entering into Gaston County. An interchange with US 74 is located east of Kings Mountain and US 29 diverges to follow US 74 to the east. At the interchange, US 74 breifly runs parallel with I-85 but the two highways do not share the same lanes. North of the US 74 interchange, I-85 turns from a northeast trajectory to an eastward one. The highway travels south of Bessemer City and enters northern Gastonia, where it widens from four to six lanes. It stays at six lanes until it reaches Belmont, where the highway widens again to eight lanes.

The highway crosses the Catawba River as it enters Mecklenburg County, then interchanges with I-485 as it passes north of Charlotte-Douglas International Airport. After crossing I-485, it turns northeastward again, bypassing Uptown Charlotte to the west and north. While the route does not enter Uptown, several exits do provide access to the area. An interchange with Interstate 77 north of Uptown provides direct freeway access. The route through Charlotte traverses the northern portion of the city and is more suburban than urban in character, with light industry such as truck terminals, warehouses, small manufacturing facilities, and small office parks lining the highway. It also passes by the University City area and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

North of Charlotte, I-85 interchanges with I-485 a second time as it continues northeastward into Cabarrus County. In Concord, it passes through a dense commercial district and provides access to both Concord Mills shopping mall and Charlotte Motor Speedway, afterwards passing south and east of Kannapolis. As of February 2019, the highway between exit 58 (near Concord) and exit 68 near the Rowan County town of China Grove is being rebuilt and expanded from 4 lanes total (two in each direction) with no shoulders. When complete, the route will have 8 total lanes through to its junction with Business 85 south of Lexington.

Piedmont Triad
Between Exits 96 and 102, the northbound and southbound lanes switch places. The southbound lane crosses over the northbound lane just before the northbound lane passes over a small bridge over Hamby Creek. East of the northbound overpass and southbound underpass with Squire Bowers Road, a pair of rest areas which contain the North Carolina Vietnam Veterans Memorial Park are entered from the right, but are still in the median. Only after the underpasses beneath Johnsontown Road does the northbound lane run over the southbound one returning to its proper location.

Approximately 70 mi northeast of the Charlotte area is the Triad area, anchored by the cities of Winston-Salem, Greensboro and High Point. I-85 bypasses High Point and also largely bypasses Greensboro. Up until February 2004, I-85 went through the heart of Greensboro and joined Interstate 40 near downtown. Today, I-85 is routed along the Greensboro Urban Loop and meets I-40 east of downtown. Its former route is now known as Business 85.

Triangle and Northern North Carolina
Interstates 85 and 40 remain joined as they continue eastward to the Triangle region, anchored by the cities of Chapel Hill, Durham and Raleigh. West of Durham near Hillsborough, the two highways split, with I-40 heading southeast through Chapel Hill, Durham and Raleigh while I-85 continues eastward through Durham, then northeastward as it exits the city. In between Greensboro and Durham, 85/40 is 8 lanes wide even through the more suburban stretches. Once 85 hits Durham it temporarily widens to 10 lanes. It takes on a more suburban character once it leaves Durham and then heads into rural areas, bypassing Oxford and Henderson before crossing into Mecklenburg County, Virginia.

Dedicated and memorial names
I-85 in North Carolina feature a few dedicated or memorialized stretches of freeway.


 * Blue Star Memorial Highway – official North Carolina honorary name of Interstate 85 throughout the state (approved: May 5, 1967).
 * Senator Marshall Arthur Rauch Highway – official North Carolina name of Interstate 85 through Gaston County (approved: October 3, 1997)
 * William James Pharr Bridge – official North Carolina name of Bridge over South Fork River on Interstate 85 in Gaston County (approved: August 5, 1994).
 * Cameron Morrison Bridge – official North Carolina name of Bridge over Catawba River on Interstate 85 between Gaston and Mecklenburg counties (approved: March 11, 1983). It is named in honor of Cameron A. Morrison, known as the Good Roads Governor.
 * Julius Chambers Highway – official North Carolina name of I-85 between I-77/US 21 and the I-85 Connector (4 mi), in Charlotte. It is named in honor of Julius L. Chambers, who was a lawyer, civil rights leader and educator (dedicated May 24, 2018).
 * Jeff Gordon Expressway – official North Carolina name of I-85 from Charlotte city limit to the Mecklenburg/Cabarrus county line in Northeast Mecklenburg County (1.6 mi). It is named in honor of NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon (dedicated May 25, 2012).
 * Yadkin River Veterans Memorial Bridge – official North Carolina name of Bridge over Yadkin River on Interstate 85 between Rowan and Davidson counties (approved: May 11, 2011).
 * Bob Timberlake Freeway - official North Carolina name of I-85 from exit 92 to exit 96 in Davidson County.
 * Richard Childress Freeway - official North Carolina name of I-85 from exit 96 to exit 102 in Davidson County.
 * Congressman J. Howard Coble Highway – official North Carolina name of I-85 from I-40 to Alamance Church Road in Guilford County (approved: December 1, 2016). It is named in honor of Congressman Howard Coble, who represented North Carolina's 6th district for 30 years.
 * Sam Hunt Freeway – official North Carolina name of I-85/I-40 from the Guilford County line to one mile east of NC 54 in Graham (approved: September 5, 1997).
 * Dr. John H. Franklin Highway – official North Carolina name of I-85/US 70, between Cole Mill Road (exit 173) and US 70 (exit 178), in Durham. It is named in honor of John Hope Franklin, an American Historian and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

History
Parts of Interstate 85 were already constructed before federal aid was available in the 1950s, as the state had been constructing sections of the Interstate Highway System since 1949. The Lexington Bypass north of Lexington - which at the time was signed U.S. 29 and U.S. 70 - is now a part of Business I-85. This was part of an 80-mile expressway completed in 1955 between Lexington and Hillsborough.

One planned road was the Salisbury bypass, 15 mi long with a $1 million 880 ft twin-span bridge over the Yadkin River. Construction on the bridge started in 1955 (this date is shown on a plaque, and most sources have used the date), but the lanes were not as wide as federal standards required, and the road had a sharp curve north of the bridge. Both of these characteristics saved money.

The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 provided for 90 percent federal funding of highways that would become part of the Interstate Highway System, and the N.C. Highway Commission used the funds to build the rest of the highway, which opened as I-85 in 1958. The bridge, finished a year earlier, was "grandfathered" despite not meeting standards.

Another section of I-85 opened to traffic on September 9, 1958 when an 11.3 mi stretch in Mecklenburg County was opened.

The year 1960 saw several sections of the highway open to traffic:


 * An 18.3 mi section of Interstate 85 between Henderson and the Virginia border as well as a 46 mi section between Greensboro and western Durham opened to traffic.
 * A 15.4-mile portion of U.S. 29/U.S. 70 between Salisbury and Greensboro was incorporated into I-85 when further grade separations and access control were completed.
 * A 14 mi segment of I-85 known as the "Charlotte Bypass" in Charlotte.
 * A 13.8 mi segment between Greensboro and Whitsett.

By 1965, I-85 from the South Carolina border to Charlotte was complete, while it took until 1970 for the section between Charlotte and Durham to be completed. However, the "Temporary 85" designation would remain on the segment between Lexington and Greensboro until 1984 because there were too many access roads. That year, a new six-lane section opened, resulting in the "Temporary 85" designation to be dropped.

Since its completion, many widening projects have been undertaken on I-85, particularly along the stretch of highway between Gastonia and Durham. By 1988, widening I-85 to six lanes from Greensboro to Burlington was being considered. The plan was later changed to eight lanes. The $175 million project began in 1989. With the opening of a 2.3 mi section in Alamance County on November 23, 1994, 21 mi of I-85/I-40 were eight lanes. An additional 14 mi were to be ready by 1996, giving the interstate eight lanes all the way to where I-40 turned southward at Hillsborough.

In addition, Interstate 85 was relocated in 2004, south of Greensboro, forming part of the Greensboro Urban Loop, allowing through traffic to bypass that city's downtown area. Between 2004 and 2008, I-85 was widened to eight lanes around Salisbury.

The I-85 Corridor Improvement Project, located in Rowan County and Davidson County, was a two-phase project to replace the narrow bridge over the Yadkin River and widen the freeway from four to eight lanes. In the first phase, all traffic from the old bridge moved to a new $201 million bridge in August 2012. On March 9, 2013, all eight lanes of the I-85 bridge opened to the public. The project finished eight months ahead of schedule and $44 million under budget.

From May 2010 through April 2014, I-85 was widened from four to eight lanes between exit 49 (near Charlotte Motor Speedway and Concord Mills Mall) and Exit 55.

Current projects
Following the completion of the widening of I-85 between exits 49 and 55, a new project was started to widen I-85 from exit 55 (NC 73) in Concord, Cabarrus County northward to exit 68 (NC 152) in China Grove, Rowan County. Like the prior project, I-85 is being doubled in capacity, expanding from two travel lanes in each direction to four travel lanes in each direction. The project is now complete as of May 2021. The first phase (from Exit 55 to Exit 63) begun in Spring 2014, and the second phase (from Exit 63 to Exit 68) begun in Spring 2017. Construction is scheduled to be completed by December 2017. When finished, that will leave I-85 in North Carolina with at least six lanes of highway between Exits 10 (US 29 north / US 74 – Kings Mountain, Shelby) and 164 (I-40 in Hillsborough).