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NEPAL MONARCHY
King Prithvi Narayan Shah King Prithvi Narayan Shah the Great was born to the royal house of Gorkha on 11 January 1723, and he had ascended to the throne of his dynasty's kingdom (which had not yet united Nepal into its modern-day form) on 3 April 1743. It was noted that he had a great interest in politics since he had been young. He was interested in diplomacy and had interests in visiting other countries since his coronation as prince. Since his youth, he had felt that the British had growing influence in India, and that conflicts were brewing up amongst the three states of the Kathmandu valley and also amongst the fiefdoms of the western hills. As he grew up, disintegration and disarray had begun to take over 22 of the 24 fiefdoms (principalities) of what is now western Nepal. Realizing that continued fighting between these smaller states would render them that much less resistant to British takeover, upon his coronation as king, Prithvi Narayan Shah began a campaign to unify them.

Soon after he ascended the throne of Gorkha, Shah set out to study the political, economic, and social situations of the Kathmandu Valley. This was a planned strategic assessment to be completed before he was to launch his unification campaign. He stayed in Bhaktapur for a number of months and acquainted himself with the internal affairs of the Kathmandu Valley. He knew about the rich agricultural soil of the valley, and also realized that the valley could be a transit point for expanding trade with both Tibet and India. Then he planned the conquest of the valley. To this end, he decided to first capture Nuwakot, which belonged to the state of Kantipur, as a strategic point. He also foresaw that taking over Nuwakot would significantly strengthen the position of his Gorkha nation and weaken the states occupying the Kathmandu Valley. Nuwakot held strategic importance, as there was already a fort there, and it had remained as a connecting pass the valley and Tibet.

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