User:NeuroNerd/sandbox

Article Addition(s)

 * 1) While other historical iterations of the term “outgroup” have included “related group,” “outside group,” and “ex-group," a more recent idea suggests that the two closest sister groups may provide the best representation of an outgroup.
 * 2) Choosing a closely related outgroup relative to the ingroup is more useful when looking at subtle differences, while choosing an unduly distant outgroup can result in mistaking convergent evolution for a direct evolutionary relationship due to a common ancestor.

Article Edit(s)

 * 1) An outgroup in cladistics (or phylogenetics) is a group of organisms that serve as a reference group when determining the evolutionary relationship among three or more monophyletic groups of organisms, and is distinct from sociological outgroups.
 * 2) If an outgroup nested within the ingroup is used to root the phylogeny, unreliable conclusions about phylogenetic relationships and trait evolution may occur.
 * 3) Outgroup choice should satisfy the following characteristics: