User:Neurogeek/Marta Navarrete

Translation of https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marta_Navarrete

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''Is she a neurologist? MD?'' No, is a neuroscientist. Doctor of Neuroscience.

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Marta Navarrete Llinás
Marta Navarrete Llinás (Badajoz, September 12, 1980) is a Spanish scientist, chemist, neuroscientist, and researcher. She won the Premio Olympus for young investigators, awarded by the Sociedad Española de Neurociencia for her scientific work (3). She is a coauthor of various academic publications and ?in press? Specialized in astrocyte signaling, expanding the model of cellular storage of information that was based on neuronal activity. Her studies have also centered in the implication of astrocytes in the processes of drug addiction and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

Studies and professional path
She began her career at the Universidad de Extremadura in the field of quantitative chemistry. (2) Later, she continued as a researcher in the Instituto Cajal (CSIC) (4), in Albert Einstein College University (New York), and since 2014 has word in the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC). (5) She is interested in the role that astrocytes play (the most abundant cells of the nervous system) in the processes of memory, information processing, and learning, and their implications, as much physiological as pathological, in cerebral function. (2)

Her work contributed in demonstrating that cerebral physiology is not exclusively the result of neuronal activity but also coordinated activity of astrocyte networks, revealing a significant computational capacity of the brain in the processes of learning and memory. (2) In other words, astrocytes serve as a bridge between neurons that are not directly connected. Santiago Ramón y Cajal originally proposed the possibility that astrocytes could have an additional function beyond only passive supports for neurons. (6, 7) At the end of the 20th century the first evidence of this was revealed, and the team led by Alfonso Araque, of which Navarrete formed a part, has obtained scientific evidence to demonstrate this. (8, 9, 10)

In March of 2008 Navarrete and Araque published an article in the journal Neuron implicating astrocytes in processes of drug addiction. According to this study, the stimulation of cannabinoid receptors in astrocytes activates a new route of communication between neurons mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. (11, 12, 13, 14)

In March of 2016 Navarrete taught a seminar in the Universidad Pablo de Olavide on the communication between astrocytes and neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. (15) According to her studies, astrocytes are involved in neuronal death that occurs in patients with this disease (2, 10).

Her studies expand the Hebbian model, incorporating astrocytes as a signaling source in the model of cellular information storage that was previously thought to be exclusively neuronal (16) and they thereby contributed to increase the understanding of the fundamental processes of the nervous system, identifying cellular and molecular elements as targets (español: dianas) for the development of therapeutic strategies in the treatment of the nervous system. (13)

Publications
Navarrete has coauthored more than 20 published studies in diverse publications such as Neuron and PLOS Biology. Her work has been cited many times, at an international level, by other investigators in the field. (17) According to doctor José Luis Trejo, vice-president of the Sociedad Española de Neurociencia, Navarrete’s publications have achieved a high impact index (18).

Among her publications:

Communicación entre neuronas y astrocitos mediada por endocannabinoides (Thesis presented May 22, 2009). Concluded that astrocytes participate actively in the physiology of the nervous system. According to experiments presented in the thesis, astrocytes found in rat hippocampus have CB1 receptors that are activated by endocannabinoids and explain the effects produced by their activation: Increases in intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+), activation of G-proteins and PLC, release of glutamate, segregation of slow inward currents (known as SIC) in pyramidal neurons of CA1. It also concluded that, through the combined action of endocannabinoids and glutamate, astrocytes carry out the function of non-synaptic bridging between neurons which imagined a new signaling pathway. (19) In 2015 the Sociedad Española de Neurociencia declared that Navarrete had demonstrated that astrocytes are involved in the transmission and storage of information in the nervous system (7, 20).

Tripartite synapses: astrocytes process and control synaptic information. Published in 2009. Showed evidence of bidirectional communication between neurons and astrocytes that were named tripartite synapses. According to the study, astrocytes intervene directly in the control of synaptic transmission and plasticity. (21) Between the works in which Navarrete participated, this study is that which has been most cited. As of this writing, it has been cited 658 times (22, 23)

Astrocytes Mediate in vivo Cholinergic-Induced Synaptic Plasticity. Published in 2012. (24) Considered by Instituto Cajal as her most important publication (25)

Astrocyte Calcium Signal and Gliotransmission in Human Brain Tissue. Published in 2013. Experiments carried out in brain biopsies of human epilepsy patients indicated that human astrocytes, as in previous studies carried out in animals, also respond to synaptic activity. (26)

Astrocytes in endocannabinoid signaling. Published in 2014, details the importance of astrocytes in synaptic processes, and shows evidence of their integration in the endocannabinoid system and of their function in regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity mediated by the activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptors in astrocytes that increase intracellular calcium and stimulate the release of glutamate (27).

Scholarships, awards, and recognitions
In 2014 her project “Alteración en la comunicación bidireccional entre astrocitos y neuronas en la enfermedad del Alzheimer” was presented in the first edition of the Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Investigadores y Creadores Culturales (28, 9)

In 2015, received the Premio Olympus para Jóvenes Investigadores, Sociedad Española de Neurociencia (2, 9)

In 2015, the scholarship L’Oreal-Unesco for Spanish women scientists (29)

Copied text of references from Spanish article
Ariza, Luis Miguel (29 de noviembre de 2015). «A la vanguardia de la ciencia». El País. Consultado el 2 de junio de 2016.

↑ Saltar 	a:a b c d e f Quijada, 	Pilar (30 de julio de 2015). «Marta 	Navarrete: «En el aprendizaje, los astrocitos son tan importantes 	como las neuronas»». ABC. Consultado el 2 de junio de 2016.

↑ Extremadura, 	El Periódico. «Marta 	Navarrete Llinás investigadora del Centro de Biología Molecular 	Severo Ochoa (Madrid) : 'Los investigadores tenemos numerosos 	proyectos, pero faltan medios y financiación'». El 	Periódico Extremadura. Consultado el 8 de marzo de 2016.

↑ «Personal 	del Grupo». Instituto 	cajal. CSIC. Consultado el 29 de mayo de 2016.

↑ Facultad 	de Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (3 de agosto de 	2015). «Marta 	Navarrete, investigadora del CBMSO, gana el Premio Olympus para 	jóvenes investigadores de la Sociedad Española de Neurociencia.». Consultado el 30 de mayo de 2016.

↑ Araque, 	Alfonso; Navarrete, Marta (mayo de 2013). «El 	ayer y hoy de los astrocitos». Investigación 	y Ciencia. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ Saltar 	a:a b Moltó, 	Juan Pablo (28 de julio de 2015). «Rueda 	de Prensa ganadora del IV Premio Olympus». Revista PNA. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ Mateos, 	Claudio (4 de agosto de 2015). «Marta 	Navarrete: «Quiero que mis investigaciones cambien los libros de 	texto»». Hoy 	(Extremadura). Archivado desde el 	original el 	24 de junio de 2016. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ Saltar 	a:a b c «Marta 	Navarrete, premio Olympus de la Sociedad Española de 	Neurociencia». Agencia 	EFE. 30 de julio de 2015. Consultado el 2 de junio de 2016.

↑ Saltar 	a:a b «Los 	astrocitos son necesarios para la memoria». Consejo 	Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. 20 de febrero de 2012. Archivado desde el 	original el 	5 de agosto de 2016. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ Navarrete, 	Marta; Araque, Alfonso (27 de marzo de 2008). «Endocannabinoids 	Mediate Neuron-Astrocyte Communication» (en 	inglés). Neuron. Consultado el 2 de junio de 2016.

↑ «Los 	astrocitos están implicados en la fisiología de la adicción de 	drogas». Información.es. 26 de marzo de 2008. Consultado el 2 de junio de 	2016.

↑ Saltar 	a:a b «Los 	astrocitos expresan receptores funcionales de los cannabinoides tipo 	1». DMedicina. Unidad 	Editorial. 27 de marzo de 2008. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ «Un 	estudio concreta el importante papel que desempeñan los astrocitos 	en el cerebro». Agencia Sinc. 26 de marzo de 2008. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ «Seminario 	sobre la comunicación entre astrocitos y neuronas en la enfermedad 	del Alzheimer». Diario 	de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide, de Sevilla. Consultado el 29 de mayo de 2016.

↑ «Los 	astrocitos entran en juego». Sociedad 	Española de Neurociencia: 	8. 2 de diciembre de 2008. Archivado desde el 	original el 	19 de septiembre de 2015. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ «Marta 	Navarrete: Publicaciones y citas de sus trabajos». Google 	Académico. Archivado desde el 	original el 	8 de agosto de 2016. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ «Presentación 	SENC - Premio Olympus 2015». Sociedad Española de Neurociencia. Archivado desde el 	original el 	7 de septiembre de 2015. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ Marta 	Navarrete (2009). «Comunicación 	entre neuronas y astrocitos mediada por endocannabinoides». Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Consultado el 31 de mayo de 2016.

↑ «La 	Sociedad Española de Neurociencia otorga su premio a jóvenes 	científicos». Canarias7. 30 de julio de 2015. Archivado desde el 	original el 	13 de agosto de 2016. Consultado el 4 de junio de 2016.

↑ Perea, 	Gertrudis; Navarrete, Marta; Araque, Alfonso (de agosto de 	2009). «Tripartite 	synapses: astrocytes process and control synaptic 	information». Trends 	in Neurosciences (en 	inglés) 32 (8): 	421-431. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.001. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ «Ficha: 	Tripartite synapses: astrocytes process and control synaptic 	information». Google 	Académico. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ «Listado 	de artículos que citan Tripartite synapses: astrocytes process and 	control synaptic information». Google 	Académico. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ Navarrete, 	Marta; Perea, Gertrudis; de Sevilla, David Fernández; 	Gómez-Gonzalo, Marta; Núñez, Ángel; Martín, Eduardo D.; Araque, 	Alfonso; Scheiffele, Peter (14 de febrero de 2012). «Astrocytes 	Mediate In Vivo Cholinergic-Induced Synaptic Plasticity». PLoS 	Biology 10 (2): 	e1001259. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001259. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ «Diez 	publicaciones más relevantes». Instituto 	Cajal. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ Navarrete 	M, Perea G, Maglio L, Pastor J, García de Sola R, Araque A. (23 de 	mayo de 2013). «Astrocyte 	calcium signal and gliotransmission in human brain tissue» (en 	inglés). Cereb Cortex. Consultado el 30 de mayo de 2016.

↑ Navarrete 	M, Díez A, Araque A. (19 de octubre de 2014). «Astrocytes 	in endocannabinoid signalling»(en 	inglés). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Consultado el 30 de mayo de 	2016.

↑ «Marta 	Navarrete, beneficiaria de la Ayuda Fundación BBVA a Investigadores 	y Creadores Culturales, recibe el premio de la SENC para Jóvenes 	Investigadores». Fundación 	BBVA. 30 de julio de 2015. Archivado desde el 	original el 	9 de agosto de 2016. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

↑ Larrañeta, 	A. (23 de septiembre de 2015). «Las 	investigadoras piden más peso femenino en ciencia: "Es un 	mundo dominado por hombres"». 20 	minutos. Archivado desde el 	original el 	6 de agosto de 2016. Consultado el 3 de junio de 2016.

External Links copied from Spanish article
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