User:Neurophil85/Bulk Endocytosis

Bulk Endocytosis is the process by which highly active synapses endocytose membranes independent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It was formerly viewed as a pathological process, but is now believed to be a physiological process.

Process
High levels of intracellular Calcium activate Calcineurin which dephosphorilates dynamin. Dephosphorilated dynamin can recruit the protein syndapin to the membrane curvature and induce the bulk endocytosis. The GTPase Dynamin then pinches of the large membrane-vacuole, which is either degredated or reused for synapic vesicle production (possible through clathrin coating). Interestingly, the clathrin-mediated endocytosis and bulk endocytosis appear to happen at the same time. The dephosphorilation of dynamin does not prevent the association of Amphiphysin, therfore allowing the two processes to be happening independently of each other.