User:NewsCow/Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein

The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1RN gene.

Clinical Significance

Biallelic deleterious mutations in the IL1RN gene results in a rare autoinflammatory disease called deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist (DIRA). Variants of the IL1RN gene is also associated with risk of schizophrenia. Elevated levels of IL1RN has been found in serum of schizophrenia patients.

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In treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) the messenger RNA (mRNA) of IL-1Ra can be used. The mRNA reduces pain and joint inflammation as it blocks inflammatory cascade signals that lead to osteoarthritis progression.

The cytoplasmic and secreted isoforms of IL1RA can suppress tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma. The cytoplasmic isoform can protect epithelial cells from environmental factors and compete with IL1A in binding with receptors preventing activation. Then, the secreted isoform regulates IL1B in tumor microenvironments by inhibiting glycolysis of IL1B and proliferation of tumor cells, thus preventing the movement of tumor cells.

Use in horses

Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist is used in horses for the treatment of equine lameness secondary to joint and soft-tissue injury. IL1RA obstructs the IL-1β inflammatory cascade rather than helping to restore damaged tissue.