User:Nguttz/sandbox

Joseph Needham was repsonsiblwe for the "S" in Unesco 1945. from the making of a translation anthology" martha chyeung

He also postulates that scientific knowledge may evolve to more closely resmeble Chinese philosophical views of nature, signifying his blief in Chinese inherent wisdom. (arun bala diaglogue.)

Hart, Roger. "Beyond Science and Civilization: A Post-Needham Critique." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine, no. 16 (1999): 88-114. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43150558.

-Because silver production took place almost exclusively in the Americas and Japan was the only commodty China purchased from Eurpeans, it's value was astronomical in China compared to the world over. In fact, its value was twice that of Spain in the 16th and 17th centureis.

-Although China acted as the cog running the wheel of global trade, Japan's huge contribution of silver exports to China were critical to the world economy and China's liquidity and succes with the commodity. Historians posit Europeans would have been left out of world trade, and China may have fallen prey to conquest by settlers of the Americas and lead to a much more isolated Asia.

=Asia, and China in particular hoarded silver to boost its own economy and between 1600 and 1800 China recieved 100 tons of silver a year.

in 1776 andy noted the dominance of silver in global trade. He was impressed by its market value but more intrigued with the way this single item of eommerce brought together new and old worlds i.e. the Americas and China.

-According to Ray Huang, a large populace near the Yangzte owned hundreds of taels of silver per household in the late 16th century.

-It is argued by many historians that silver was responsible for the birth of global economics and trade. Dennis O FLynn and Arturo Giraldez suggest global trade commenced in 1571, when Manila was founded and became the first trading post linking America and Asia due to the expansive and profitable silver trade. In fact, research shows the amount of silver traveling from Manila to China was approximately three million pesos or 94,000 kilograms in the early 1600s. Silver even played a large role when defending Toyotomi Hideyoshi's attemptive take over of Ming ruled Choson Korea. The Ming Ministiry of War sent approximately 140,000liangof silver into the war and required provinces to provide silver for the war effort as well. ) in the sixteenth century, the mighty daimyos of southwest Japan hoped for unhinged global trade but were stopped due to Ming China trade policies. Still, Japan became a player in the global economy via frequent Ming merchant ships arriving to extradt some of JApan's abundance of silver and exchange goods. Japan saw an increase in profits and began trade with the Portuguese largely cause of Ming China's silver exchange which left Japan with goods to offer merchants other than silver which the Prtuguese had plenty of. Founder of the Ming China dynasty, Hongwu, actualy sought to eliminate silver from the market due to his fear of inflation which he preivously experienced in the Yuan dynasty. His attempt involved imposing harhs limits on silver mining to stop its flow into the market and subsequently replaced it with baochao or paper money. However, the currency never popularized and silver proved its mainstay as a global currency.