User:Nguyensoren/Choose an Article

Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.

Option 1

 * Cancer irroratus
 * The leading paragraph does not reflect the article’s sections. The sections are underdeveloped given the available information. There is no information regarding the life history and behavior of the crab. Sources: https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cancer_irroratus/ (already cited) More information on morphology, reproduction and behavior:  Haefner, P., 1976. Distribution, reproduction and moulting of the rock crab,Cancer irroratus Say, 1917, in the mid-Atlantic Bight. Journal of Natural History, 10(4), pp.377-397.   Moody, K. and Steneck, R., 1993. Mechanisms of predation among large decapod crustaceans of the Gulf of Maine Coast: functional vs. phylogenetic patterns. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 168(1), pp.111-124.
 * Compared to American lobsters and Jonah crabs, which are species with similar niches and often sympatric ranges, Rock crabs are more active, agile, and use more diverse strategies in manipulating and opening bivalve shells. Ristvey, A. and Rebach, S., 1999. Enhancement of the Response of Rock Crabs, Cancer irroratus, to Prey Odors following Feeding Experience. The Biological Bulletin, 197(3), pp.361-367.  Zhou, T., Rebach, S. Chemosensory Orientation of the Rock Crab Cancer irroratus . J Chem Ecol 25, 315–329 (1999).
 * Rock crabs can live at depths of more than 700m, where prey may be sparse and visual cues are absent. Prey detection is primarily done through chemoreception. They become more sensitive to odors of food sources they are familiar with.      Stehlik, L., 1993. Diets of the Brachyuran Crabs Cancer irroratus, C. borealis, and Ovalipes ocellatus in the New York Bight. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 13(4), p.723.
 * In a stomach content study at New York Bight, the polychaete Pherusa affinis was found in the stomach contents of 63.7% of C. irroratus.    Gíslason, Ó., Halldórsson, H., Pálsson, M., Pálsson, S., Davíðsdóttir, B. and Svavarsson, J., 2014. Invasion of the Atlantic rock crab (Cancer irroratus) at high latitudes. Biological Invasions, 16(9), pp.1865-1877.  Gíslason, S., Pálsson, S., Jónasson, J., Guls, H., Svavarsson, J. and Halldórsson, H., 2020. Population dynamics of three brachyuran crab species (Decapoda) in Icelandic waters: impact of recent colonization of the Atlantic rock crab (Cancer irroratus). ICES Journal of Marine Science, 78(2), pp.534-544.
 * There is a recently-established breeding population of C. irroratus on the coast Iceland, likely due to larvae transported in ballast water. As of 2021, C. irroratus outnumbers European green crabs and spider crabs, both native crab species occupying a similar niche. There is a concern that they will spread to mainland Europe.

Option 2

 * Jonah crab
 * The leading paragraph does not reflect the article’s sections. The sections are underdeveloped given the available information. There is also no source to “It is the closest relative to the European brown crab in the Western Atlantic.”


 * Sources:
 * Novak, M., 2004. Diurnal activity in a group of Gulf of Maine decapods. Crustaceana, 77(5), pp.603-620. Lawton, P., Duggan, D., Moriyasu, M., Benhalima, K. and Robichaud, D., 2002. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF MALE JONAH CRAB, CANCER BOREALIS STIMPSON, 1859 (DECAPODA, CANCRIDAE) ON THE SCOTIAN SHELF, NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC. Crustaceana, 75(7), pp.891-913. Gulf of Maine Research Institute and University of Maine, 2013. Jonah Crab MSC Pre-Assessment Report November 2013. [online] Portland, ME. Available at: < https://www.gmri.org/documents/50/jonah_crab_pre-assessment_november_1_2013.pdf > [Accessed 27 September 2022].
 * Males and females grow at about the same rate before reaching a carapace width of 30-40mm, which is about the size of gonadal sexual maturity. After this point, females grow more slowly than males. Males tend to mature at a smaller size than females, but only reach functional sexual maturity at around 127.6 mm, when they are capable of engaging in the copulatory embrace.
 * Mating occurs after female ecdysis and sperm can be stored indefinitely. Spawning generally takes place inshore. Eggs are brooded for 5-6 months before hatching.
 * Spawning season has been reported to be later in the year at higher latitudes.   Amanda Lawrence, Bradley G Stevens, Burton Shank, J Sook Chung, Morphometric and physiological maturity of male Jonah crab, Cancer borealis Stimpson, 1859 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Cancridae), in southern New England, USA, Journal of Crustacean Biology, Volume 41, Issue 3, September 2021, ruab030
 * Male Jonah crabs achieve functional sexual maturity at carapace widths between 98.3 mm and 127.6 mm. Average size at maturity is greater for populations at higher latitudes.
 * Due to the minimum harvestable carapace width of 120.65 mm set by NOAA, the Jonah crab fishery is almost exclusively driven by male crabs.   Truesdale, C., McManus, M. and Collie, J., 2019. Growth and molting characteristics of Jonah crab (Cancer borealis) in Rhode Island Sound. Fisheries Research, 211, pp.13-20.
 * A study in Rhode Island Sound found a discrete molting season in June for smaller (carapace width <120 mm) male Jonah crabs. With each successive molt, post-molt width increments decreased for female crabs and increased for male crabs. Male crabs in Rhode Island Sound with carapace widths above 120 mm were unlikely to molt. It is possible that Jonah crabs migrate from the area before becoming larger, as larger crabs are more frequently found further offshore. (Haefner 1977)  Krediet, C. and Donahue, M., 2009. Growth-mortality trade-offs along a depth gradient in Cancer borealis. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 373(2), pp.133-139.
 * Because Jonah crabs are a strongly preferred prey item for gulls, their survivorship is highest in deep water. However, some crabs will forage at shallower depths and in the intertidal zone, where their typical prey are more abundant. Due to the increased growth rate of crabs who forage at shallow depths and the higher survivorship of crabs who forage in deep water, the fitness effects of both behaviors are roughly equivalent.
 * While blue mussels are dominant in stomach content studies, Jonah crabs prefer periwinkles (L. littorina) in a lab choice experiments. (Donahue, 2009) Periwinkles however occupy higher intertidal zones, where crabs face higher risk of desiccation, predation and thermal stress.   Stehlik, L., 1993. Diets of the Brachyuran Crabs Cancer irroratus, C. borealis, and Ovalipes ocellatus in the New York Bight. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 13(4), p.723.  Moody, K. and Steneck, R., 1993. Mechanisms of predation among large decapod crustaceans of the Gulf of Maine Coast: functional vs. phylogenetic patterns. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 168(1), pp.111-124.  Megan J. Donahue, Allison Nichols, Carlos A. Santamaria, Paloma E. League-Pike, Cory J. Krediet, Kestrel O. Perez & Myra J. Shulman (2009). "Predation risk, prey abundance, and the vertical distribution of three brachyuran crabs on Gulf of Maine shores". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 29 (4): 523–531 (already cited in the article)
 * In contrast to the predation style of smaller, more agile blue crabs and rock crabs, the predation style of Jonah crabs has been likened to that of lobsters, relying on brute crushing force. As a result, they are able to feed on large mussels and periwinkles inaccessible to other predators in the low intertidal.

Option 3

 * Hemigrapsus sanguineus
 * Sources:
 * Park, S., Epifanio, C., & Grey, E. (2004). Behavior of larval Hemigrapsus sanguineus (de Haan) in response to gravity and pressure. Journal Of Experimental Marine Biology And Ecology, 307(2), 197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2004.02.007 :-) Brousseau, D., & Goldberg, R. (2007). Effect of predation by the invasive crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus on recruiting barnacles Semibalanus balanoides in western Long Island Sound, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 339, 221-228. doi: 10.3354/meps339221 Anderson, J., Valentine, M., & Epifanio, C. (2010). Characterization of the conspecific metamorphic cue for Hemigrapsus sanguineus (De Haan). Journal Of Experimental Marine Biology And Ecology, 382(2), 139-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.10.005  Anderson, J., & Epifanio, C. (2010). Response of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus to metamorphic cues under natural field conditions. Journal Of Experimental Marine Biology And Ecology, 384(1-2), 87-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.12.014  Julie A. Anderson, Charles E. Epifanio "Mating and Sperm Storage of the Asian Shore Crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus," Journal of Shellfish Research, 29(2), 497-501, (1 July 2010)  Baillie, C., & Grabowski, J. (2018). Invasion dynamics: interactions between the European Green Crab Carcinus maenas and the Asian Shore Crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus. Biological Invasions, 21(3), 787-802. doi: 10.1007/s10530-018-1858-1

Option 4

 * Pea crab
 * Sources:
 * Triay-Portella, R., Perez-Miguel, M., González, J., & Cuesta, J. (2018). On the presence of Pinnotheres pisum (Brachyura, Pinnotheridae) in the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic), its southernmost distribution limit. Crustaceana, 91(11), 1397-1402. doi: 10.1163/15685403-00003838
 * Becker, C., Brandis, D., & Storch, V. (2010). Morphology of the female reproductive system of European pea crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae). Journal Of Morphology, 272(1), 12-26. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10884
 * Becker, C., Türkay, M., & Brandis, D. (2012). The male copulatory system of european pea crabs (crustacea, brachyura, pinnotheridae). Journal Of Morphology, 273(11), 1306-1318. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20065
 * Versteegh, C., & Muller, M. (2014). Swimming of the pea crab (Pinnotheres pisum). Animal Biology, 64(3), 239-260. doi: 10.1163/15707563-00002444
 * Longshaw, M., Feist, S., & Bateman, K. (2012). Parasites and pathogens of the endosymbiotic pea crab (Pinnotheres pisum) from blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in England. Journal Of Invertebrate Pathology, 109(2), 235-242. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.11.011

Option 5

 * Carcinisation
 * The article does not go into mechanisms, internal morphological changes, and potential evolutionary drivers. There are also criticisms of the concept that should be discussed.
 * Sources:
 * Keiler, J., Richter, S., & Wirkner, C. (2014). Evolutionary morphology of the organ systems in squat lobsters and porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomala): An insight into carcinization. Journal Of Morphology, 276(1), 1-21. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20311
 * Wolfe, J., Luque, J., & Bracken‐Grissom, H. (2021). How to become a crab: Phenotypic constraints on a recurring body plan. Bioessays, 43(5), 2100020. doi: 10.1002/bies.202100020
 * Scholtz, G. (2014). Evolution of crabs – history and deconstruction of a prime example of convergence. Contributions To Zoology, 83(2), 87-105. doi: 10.1163/18759866-08302001