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= Education Enrollment Expansion In China = The higher education enrollment expansion in China has had a huge impact on Chinese universities. Before 1999, the growth rate of college enrollment expansion of the college in China averaged no more than 8.5%, but after a policy issued by the government to expand college enrollment of in 1999, the college acceptance rate in China increased to 74.46% in 2017. More and more people go to university in China. Back in 1977, the first year that the National Matriculation Examination reemerged in China after ten years of The Culture Revolution, the acceptance number was just about 270,000. Nevertheless, this number had dramatically increased to about 7,000,000 by 2017.

History & Present day
The traditional Chinese education is based on Confucianism. Confucianism has impacted Chinese education for more than 2500 years. Another important impact is the Soviet model. This model has impacted Chinese higher education since the early 1950s, for example, intervention from the government, separating the comprehensive universities to specialization colleges in engineering，and abolishing the private school. The impacts from the Soviet model even can be seen today. For example, the overspecialization is a character of in Chinese higher education. Also, the private universities cannot compare with public universities in China, because of the impact of historically abolished the private school and the lack of resources. In 1967, the Cultural Revolution caused the huge declining in educational quality until the Chinese government resumed the National Matriculation Examination which reemerged after ten years of The Cultural Revolution .In 1992, based on the impact of the U.S. and European higher education, many universities emerged back into comprehensive universities.

In 1998, Min Tang who is a Chinese economist wrote a letter to the Chinese government to recommend increasing the enrollment in Chinese universities. In this year, the high unemployment rate is the biggest challenge to the Chinese government. In 1999, the Chinese government adopted this suggestion and started the enrollment expansion in higher education for four reasons: stimulating domestic demand, stimulating consumption，promoting economic growth and easing employment pressure .Student enrollment increased six times in 1999 over 1998. After nine years of enrollment expansion, the Ministry of Education admitted that the process is too fast. In 2013, the Ministry of Education decided to keep the enrollment scale stable, so the acceptance number of universities was stable from 2013 to 2017. The enrollment number of student is about 7,000,000 and the acceptance rate is 74.46% in 2017.

Nowadays, China has the largest number of higher education students in the world. In 2017, there were 3779 higher education institutes in China, including 2631 National General Colleges. There are total about 37,790,000 students in these institutes, and there are totally 2,443,000 teachers in the higher education institutes in China. The official faculty to student ratio is at least 17.52:1.

The Impacts of the Enrollment Expansion
1.The reduced quality of higher education in China

The enrollment expansion in China has had a huge impact on students, faculties, the university itself and the society. The reduced quality of higher education in China would be the main problem. Nowadays, universities in China have advanced equipment, huge libraries, comfortable dormitories, but the quality of higher education is not as good as these infrastructure capacities. The reduced quality of higher education is evident in both faculty’ and students’ experience.

University enrollment in China is increasing quickly, but the number of faculty remains stable. It is easy to enlarge the enrollment of students in universities, but it is hard to attract and educate talented faculty. Therefore, the shortage of faculty is a challenge to undergraduate education, and this problem even more serious in graduate education.

Before the university enrollment expansion, the faculty to student ratio was 11∶1 in 1998, but after the enrollment expansion, this ratio now is 17.52:1 from the website of Ministry of Education. It is common that one faculty member has two courses or more to teach in the same semester. For some majors, there are even more than 100 students in each class. Thus, it is hard to ensure that all the students have enough time to solve their problem with the faculty. For the graduate education, this problem is more serious. In China, one professor in the college has many master’s students and PhD students, especially the professor who has the position in the university. The students even can’t see the professor very often. Moreover, the professor has no time to discuss their research with their students.

From the students’ aspect, universities lower the requirement for high school students to increase enrollment. For example, the requirement of the National Matriculation Examination was 500, but after the enrollment expansion, the requirement score is 400. Although the National Matriculation Examination is not the only criteria to judge the ability of students, it is true that it can judge the ability of students in some aspect. If the admission score is lower, thus the quality of coming students will decrease. In 2017, the acceptance rate was 74.46%, so three out of four high school students in China who take the National Matriculation Examination can go to the college. However, the acceptance rate was 4.7% in 1977, the first year National Matriculation Examination reemerged in China, and this rate was 33.8%1in 1998, the last year before the enrollment expansion.

2.Low Salary For Graduates

In 2017, the employment among university graduates was 91.6%, according to the website of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. However, the average salary of the college graduates is only 4317 Yuan every month. One reason is there are so many students graduating every year, so it is difficult to find a job, and then the salary of the jobs become lower. Another reason is the reduced quality of the higher education, so the employers don't want to pay the high salary for the employee who has less ability. It is difficult for the undergraduate students to find jobs, so some of them choose to pursue graduate degree, which is a certification in their mind to get a good job, but even graduate students are facing unemployment after they graduate.