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The BYD/ADL Enviro200EV is a battery electric bus manufactured by the BYD/ADL joint venture (BYD Auto and Alexander Dennis). The design makes use of a BYD Auto D9 electric bus chassis and an Alexander Dennis Enviro200 body.

The Enviro200EV has quickly established itself as the best selling electric bus in the UK market. The first order was placed by Go-Ahead London in 2015 for a total of 51 vehicles, and by July 2017, more than 150 vehicles had been ordered. The widespread purchase of the Enviro200EV contributed to London having the largest fleet of electric buses in Europe by the end of 2016.

History
The BYD/ADL partnership was first established to manufacture the Enviro200EV in July 2015, in response to a tender from Go-Ahead London. The partnership was formalised in October 2015 during the state visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping. The initial agreement was for the manufacture of 12.0m single deck vehicles, which was subsequently extended to include 10.8m single deck vehicles.

The manufacture of the first vehicles commenced in late 2015, with chassis manufacture taking place at BYD's facilities at Shenzhen, China before being shipped to the Alexander Dennis plant in Falkirk, Scotland to be bodied. BYD chassis manufacturing switched to a new facility in Komárom, Hungary during April 2017.

Technical
The Enviro200EV is a pure electric design. The BYD chassis consists of two battery packs driving two water cooled wheel-hub electric motors through a DC-DC traction control system. The electric motors drive the rear wheels, and are individually rated at 90 kW for a total power output of 180 kW. Regenerative braking is installed on the electric motors.

The battery packs make use of BYD's Iron-Phosphate battery technology; one set of batteries is installed in the rear of the vehicle, broadly in the same area that would house a diesel engine in an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. The second set of batteries is installed in a pod on the roof, forward of the saloon air conditioning system.

The chassis uses conventional components found on other Alexander Dennis models, including ZF Friedrichshafen steering and axles, and all components are mounted on a high strength steel frame manufactured from 6mm thick rectangular steel box section.

The Alexander Dennis bodywork is a modified variant of the Enviro200 MMC bodywork found on the integral Alexander Dennis Enviro200 bus. The body structure is manufactured from a mixture of aluminium extrusions and shear panels, with stainless steel components being used in areas of higher stress. The body panels are primarily aluminium with composite components used for mouldings and for the single piece roof structure. The structure retains the Quick Release Glazing system which is found on other Alexander Dennis models. A dielectric industrial coating is applied where dissimilar metals come into contact, to prevent galvanic corrosion.

The ancillary electrical system is a separate 24V (2 x 12V battery) single-poll, negative earth system which is charged from the main vehicle traction batteries. The body wiring is a modular multiplex system, which enables operators to more easily make modification to the electrical system throughout the working life of the vehicle. LED lighting is fitted to the interior of the vehicle, and also to all exterior lighting other than the headlights.

Operator requirements will dictate some aspects of the bodywork. The entrance door (and exit door, where fitted) are electrically powered, and can be fitted with manual or powered ramps to ease access for wheelchairs, pushchairs and other mobility impaired passengers. Destination display provision is at the front, side and rear of the vehicle, a choice of LED or illuminated blinds are available.

Charging
The Enviro200EV is designed to operate for an entire day on one charge, which will typically take place overnight on depot. There is no anticipation of using 'opportunistic' charging during any down time outside of the morning and evening peak times, nor is there currently any provision for inductive charging.

The initial orders for the Enviro200EV have seen BYD working with customers to supply and install the necessary charging equipment on depot. The Enviro200EV is charged through an 80kW (2 x 40kW) charger, with typical charging times of around 4 hours. The provision of chargers on depots has required involvement from the local electricity distribution network operators to upgrade or provide new substations.

Operations
London

RATP 10.8m

C1 - 36 70 - -

Go Ahead 12m 507 - 51 521 - -

10.8m 153 - 11 214 - 19 360 - 12

Metroline

10.8m 46 - 23

Regional

Arriva Merseyside - 12