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Conditions
Reproductive medicine deals with prevention, diagnosis and management of the following conditions. This section will give examples of a number of common conditions affecting the Human Reproductive system.

Infectious Diseases
Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) are infections that affect the Reproductive Tract. There are three types of RTIs: Endogenous RTIs, Iatrogenic RTIs and Sexually Transmitted Infections. Endogenous RTIs are caused by an overgrowth of bacteria which is normally present. An example of an endogenous RTI is Bacterial Vaginosis.

Iatrogenic RTIs are infections contracted as a result of a medical procedure.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections spread by sexual activity, usually by vaginal intercourse, anal sex or oral sex. Many STIs are curable; however, some STIs such as HIV are incurable. STIs can be bacterial, viral or fungal and affect both men and women. Some examples of STIs are listed below :


 * Bacterial STIs
 * Chlamydia
 * Gonorrhoea
 * Syphilis
 * Viral STIs
 * Herpes
 * Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
 * Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Cancer
Many parts of the Reproductive system can be affected by cancer. Below are some examples of Reproductive cancers:

Reproductive Cancers affecting Women

 * Breast cancer
 * Ovarian cancer
 * Uterine cancer
 * Cervical cancer

Reproductive Cancers affecting Men

 * Prostate cancer
 * Penile cancer
 * Testicular cancer
 * Male Breast cancer
 * Benign prostatic hypertrophy

=== Conditions affecting Fertility === A significant part of Reproductive Medicine involves promoting fertility in both men and women.

Causes of Infertility or Subfertility in Women

 * Ovulatory dysfunction
 * Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
 * Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
 * Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism
 * Tubular dysfunction
 * Pelvic inflammatory disease
 * Endometriosis
 * Previous sterilisation
 * Previous surgery
 * Cervical or Uterine dysfunction
 * Congenital abnormalities
 * Fibroids
 * Asherman’s syndrome
 * Hormonal issues
 * Hypothyroidism
 * Hyperthyroidism
 * Cushing's syndrome
 * Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Causes of Infertility or Subfertility in Men

 * Problems with Sperm Number or Function
 * Cryptorchidism
 * Y chromosome micro-deletions
 * Varicocele
 * Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
 * Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism
 * Tubular dysfunction
 * Congenital abnormalities
 * Prior sexually transmitted infection s
 * Vasectomy
 * Problems with Sperm Delivery
 * Premature ejaculation
 * Damage to the reproductive organs
 * Retrograde ejaculation
 * Certain genetic diseases

Congenital Abnormalities
==== Congenital Abnormalities of the Female Reproductive system ====


 * Cervical abnormalities
 * Cervical agenesis
 * Cervical duplication
 * Hymen abnormalities
 * Imperforate hymen
 * Microperforate hymen
 * Septate hymen
 * Uterine abnormalities
 * Duplicate uterus
 * Unicornate uterus
 * Septate uterus
 * Vaginal abnormalities
 * Transverse vaginal septum
 * Vertical vaginal septum
 * Vaginal agenesis
 * Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
 * Vulvar abnormalities
 * Labial hypoplasia
 * Labial hypertrophy

==== Congenital Abnormalities of the Male Reproductive system ====


 * Cryptorchidism
 * Hypospadias
 * Epispadias

Disorders due to hormone excess

 * Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
 * Granulosa cell tumour
 * Leydig cell tumour
 * Teratoma

Disorders due to hormone deficiency

 * Hypogonadism
 * Turner’s syndrome
 * Klinefelter’s syndrome

Disorders due to hormone hypersensitivity

 * Idiopathic hirsutism

Disorders due to hormone resistance

 * Androgen insensitivity syndrome
 * 5a-reductase deficiency

Non-functioning endocrine tumours

 * Ovarian cysts
 * Carcinoma
 * Teratoma
 * Seminoma

Secondary Endocrine disorders (originating in the pituitary gland)

 * Pituitary gonadotrophinoma
 * Hypopituitarism
 * Kallmann’s syndrome