User:Nickthill10/Albert II of Germany

Expulsion of the Jews
Title edit: (Jewish Persecution under Albert II)

'''Beginning in the 11th century the Jews started to define themselves as a people garnering a foothold as money lenders within their communities. Respectively, by the 13th century Jews in Europe and Austria had found themselves as a people with their own social identity. With this newfound identity persecution followed. The first major instance of Jewish persecution came with the First Crusade in 1096 and is thought of to be the beginning of a long line of Anti-Jewish persecution. The persecution of Jews would grow to encompass all of Europe for many centuries in which Albert V took part when he came to power.'''

Though the Jews in the Austrian duchy had been subject to local persecutions during the 13th and 14th century, their position remained relatively safe. Jewish communities prospered in several towns like Krems or the area around the Judenplatz at Vienna. During the confusion after the death of Duke Albert IV in 1404 their situation worsened sharply, culminating in the blaze of the Vienna synagogue on 5 November 1406, followed by riots and lootings.[citation needed]

'''With the ordering of campaign preparations against the Hussites by King Sigismund in the beginning of the 15th century taxes would be used to fund a crusade army. Taxes would be established to destroy "devilry" and "imprudence". Albert V of Austria would follow suit keeping his good standing with the Catholic Church while he was in power.'''

When Albert V came of age in 1411 and interfered in the Hussite Wars, he repeatedly established new taxes imposed on the Jewish community to finance his campaigns. On the other hand, after the Hussites had devastated the duchy, the Austrian Jews were accused of collaboration and arms trade in favour of the enemies. The accusations of a host desecration at Enns in 1420 gave Albert pretext for the destruction of the Jewish community.[citation needed]

According to the 1463 Chronica Austriae by chronicler Thomas Ebendorfer, the duke on 23 May 1420, at the behest of the Church, ordered the imprisonment and forcible conversion of the Jews. Those that had not converted or escaped were sent off in boats down the Danube, while wealthy Jews remained under arrest, several of them tortured and stripped of their property. The forced baptism of Jewish children was stopped on intervention by Pope Martin V. On 12 March 1421 Albert sentenced the remaining Jews to death. Ninety-two men and 120 women were burned at the stake south of the Vienna city walls on 12 March 1421. The Jews were placed under an "eternal ban" and their synagogue was demolished. The persecutions in several Austrian towns are explicitly described in a 16th-century script called Vienna Gesera.[citation needed]