User:Nidhi97/sandbox

Sector article: Social determinants of health in poverty

 * Re-worded information under the "Definitions and Measurements" heading.
 * Added clearer definitions to the "Definitions and Measurements" heading.
 * Created a new subheading, "Age", under the heading "Social Position". Added two new sections under "Age", "Youth health" and "Infant health".
 * Moved information from "Prenatal care" section to "Infant health" section. The previous "Prenatal care" included information about both infant health and maternal health, but focused more on maternal health outcomes. I moved all information regarding infant health under the subheading "Infant Health", under "Age".
 * Reformed the old "Prenatal care" section to "Prenatal and Maternal health". Focuses on mainly the effects of socioeconomic status on maternal health outcomes.
 * Added a large paragraph of new information to newly created "Youth health" section.
 * Added paragraph to newly created "Infant health" section. Moved one line over from the existing "Prenatal care" section.

Area article: Berkeley, California

 * Adding to Homelessness in Berkeley heading, to both the "History" and "21st Century" subheadings.
 * "History" subheading:
 * Added a paragraph (2nd paragraph in the section) that clarifies how exactly political and cultural events during the 1930s-1970s influenced Berkeley culture and homelessness.
 * Added two sentences to the 4th paragraph (1980s) about how policy reforms of the 1980s led to increased visibility of the homeless. Edited the previous paragraph; there was redundant and uncited information that I couldn't find citations for. It was also poorly written, so I fixed the wording.
 * "21st century" subheading:
 * Added first paragraph, included about 2 sentences from previous author's paragraph (most of it was outdated homeless stats from 2015).
 * Updated outdated 2015 statistics of homelessness with the newer 2017 statistics.
 * Added information about homeless youth in Berkeley
 * Made clarifying edits to the Suitcase Clinic information in the 2nd paragraph





Feedback from my peer editing group and Professor Kadir
Peer editing feedback:


 * Add a section about social determinants of youth health - elaborate on effects of structural and proximal determinants, maybe throw in some statistics. How exactly do determinants affect physical well being, emotional well being, mental health?
 * In wiki article intro, there are some random quotes that are not cited -- have a look at those
 * More on my talk page

Meeting with Professor Kadir feedback:


 * Area article - don't do Suitcase Clinic, change to Berkeley
 * Consider moving my written info from suitcase clinic to Homelessness in Berkeley
 * Find a lot more sources that tell more
 * Flesh out annotations

Summarizing and Synthesizing / My contributions
Article 1: Social determinants of health in poverty
 * 1) Adding to heading "Definitions and measurements"
 * 2) * The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the social determinants of health as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age", conditions which are determined by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels. There exist two main determinants of health, structural and proximal determinants. Structural determinants include societal divisions between social, economic, and political contexts, and lead to differences in power, status, and privilege within society. Proximal determinants are immediate factors present in daily life such as family and household relationships, peer and work relationships, and educational environments. Proximal determinants are influenced by the social stratification caused by structural determinants.
 * 3) Adding a subheading 2.3 titled "Age", under the heading "Social Position"
 * 4) * New subsection: Youth health
 * 5) ** Adolescent health has been proven to be influenced by both structural and proximal determinants, but structural determinants seem to play the more significant role. Structural determinants such as national wealth, income inequality, and access to education have been found to affect adolescent health. Additionally, proximal determinants such as school and household environments are influenced by stratification created by structural determinants, can also affect adolescent health. Access to education was determined to be the most influential structural determinant affecting adolescent health.Proximal determinants include household and community factors, such as household environment, familial relationships, peer relationships, access to adequate food, and opportunities for recreation and activity. The most influential proximal determinant has proven to be family affluence. Family affluence directly affects food security, which correlates with adolescent nutrition and health. Family affluence also influences participation in regular physical activity. While nutrition and physical activity promote physical well-being, both promote psychological health as well. Thus family affluence is correlated with reduced psychological stress during adolescence. Family affluence also affects access to healthcare services; however, in countries with universal healthcare systems, youth belonging to less-affluent households still display poorer health than adolescents from wealthier families. Higher rates of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, as well as cigarette smoking were displayed in adolescents aged 10-21 belonging to low socioeconomic status.
 * 6) * New subsection: Infant health
 * 7) ** Poverty during pregnancy has been reported to cause a wide range of disparities in newborns. Low maternal socioeconomic status has been correlated with low infant birth weight and preterm delivery, physical complications such as ectopic pregnancy, poorer infant physical condition, compromised immune system and increased susceptibility to illness, and prenatal infant death. Mental complications include issues such as delayed cognitive development, poor academic performance, and behavioral problems. Poor women have greater rates of smoking , alcohol consumption, and engagement in risky behaviors. Such risk factors function as stressors that, in combination with social factors such as crowded and unhygienic living environments, financial difficulties, and unemployment, affect fetus health. Furthermore, increased rates of postpartum depression were found in mothers belonging to low socioeconomic status.

Article 2: Berkeley


 * 1) Adding to "Homelessness" heading, under the subheading "History"
 * 2) * Since the 1930s, the city of Berkeley has fostered a tradition of political activism. During the Free Speech Movement in the Fall of 1964, Berkeley became a hub of civil unrest, with demonstrators and university students sympathizing with the state-wide protests for free speech and assembly, as well as revolting against university restrictions against student political activities and organizations established by UC President Clark Kerr in 1959.
 * 3) * A culture of anti-establishment and sociopolitical activism marked the 1960s. The San Francisco Bay Area became a hotspot for Hippie counterculture, and Berkeley became a haven for nonconformists and anarchists from all over the United States. Many non-student youth and adolescents sought alternative lifestyles and opted for voluntary homelessness during this time.
 * 4) * In the 1980s, economic downturn led to growing income inequality. Federal policy changes led to increased rates of homelessness in California, and the deinstitutionalization of those with mental conditions led to greater visibility of the homeless.
 * 5) Adding to "Homelessness" heading, under the subheading "21st century"
 * 6) * The city of Berkeley's 2017 annual homeless report estimates that on a given night, 972 people are homeless. Long-term homelessness in Berkeley is double the national average, with 27% of the city's homeless population facing chronic homelessness. Chronic homelessness has been on the rise since 2015, and has been largely a consequence of the constrained local housing market. The over-representation of unsheltered minorities, primarily African-Americans, in Berkeley is a consequence of systemic and institutionalized racism and economic disadvantages, preventing homeless people of color from competing for rising rent thus and limiting access to housing for minority groups in Berkeley. The City of Berkeley's 2017 report also estimated the number of unaccompanied youth in Berkeley at 189 individuals, 19% of the total homeless population in the city. In the United States, adolescents thirteen-and-older comprise the single group at most risk for homelessness. Homeless youth display greater risk of mental health issues, behavioral problems, and substance abuse, than any other homeless age group. It has been reported that homeless youth experience higher rates of victimization on the streets. Furthermore, a disproportionate number of LGBTQ+ youth face homelessness. Homeless youth identifying as LGBTQ+ are exposed to greater rates of physical and sexual abuse, and higher risk for sexually-transmitted diseases, predominantly HIV.

Selecting Possible Articles
Suitcase Clinic, Youth Clinic category not updated yet. I could change it to LGBTQ+.

Free clinic is having reliability and notability issues.

Social determinants of health in poverty - there's probably something fixable in here.

Medi-Cal - could elaborate on the criticisms of Medi-Cal from those below poverty line.

Health inequality, Health equity

Evaluating Two Articles
Area article: Berkeley


 * In 'Protests' category, no mention of early 2017 (Milo/Antifa) Free Speech protests in Downtown Berkeley, no mention of Antifa activity at all


 * In '21st Century' category, needs clearer explanation of housing crisis


 * In '21st Century category', too much about Suitcase Clinic, could be better written, no description of other Free Clinics or services


 * Citations work


 * Why isn't there more mention of crime? Maybe some bias in not mentioning

Area article: San Francisco Bay Area, rated C-class though


 * Links for Alameda County Government positions do not exist (red links)
 * Of interest to WikiProject California

Sector article: Health equity


 * This article is pretty good, seems balanced overall


 * Citations work


 * Lacks some citations in 'Ethnic and racial disparities' heading


 * Could use more elaboration on how slavery has contributed to health outcomes for African-Americans


 * Same with 'Provider Discrimination'


 * Of interest to WikiProject Medicine