User:Nightlymist/Carbon offset

Since there is more urban population due to densification, there is more of a demand for carbon offset.

Renewable energy
There is no technology up to date that is perfect for each scenario, there will be negative effects and positive effects with pollution and carbon offset. By 2050, the renewable shares are predicted to be 57-71% of the global electricity production. This is done to reduce the levels of CO2 and this planned by the International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy Technology Perspectives. This will only occur if there is a global action will follow this scenario. The wind and solar power are the most common of new renewable technology being installed. On the other hand, wind and photo-voltaic (PV) technologies are especially known to be unreliable. Recently there has been research towards finding a solution towards having a source of generated power being able to withstand the effects of oscillation and being reliable electricity services.

Sustainable biomass can be a transitional source of energy for a more renewable resource for electricity. The SWITCH optimization model is used to determine the realistic goals for 2050 to lessen the carbon emission produced. In this model, the areas that were assessed were western electricity council. There are models in where the figure implement a carbon neutral and carbon negative plan.

Agriculture
Soil is one of the important aspects of agriculture and can effect the amount of yield in the crops. During the years of agriculture, there has been a decrease in the amount of carbon that the soil is able to hold. The soil in agriculture is now holding 50% to 66% less carbon in the soil and this is due to the many practices that farmers or scientists use. Agriculture impacts the environmental quality with the losses of nitrogen and phosphorous to the fields. Soil is a key component to Green Infrastructure (GI), but most urban soils are physically, chemically, or biologically unsuitable for use of GI. GI are engineered features such as supporting plant growth, infiltration, and biological activities that provide multi-ecological functions in urban space. Constructed Technosols (CTs) are used to make the soil good enough to use as GI purpose. CTs are a man-made soil that is a mixture of organic and mineral waste.

Depending on the types of crops will have an affect of how well the crops are a carbon sink. The three major type of crop in China is rice, wheat and corn with a total 165.76 TgC. Rice was the highest amount of carbon sink between the three crops. Out of the 165.76 TgC of carbon sink, rice was able to contribute 48.71%.

They also lower the quality of water

Tourism
The tourism industry is also known as the "polluting industry" with the amount of pollution that has been generated up to date. There has been a decrease in pollution that is caused by this industry with Covid-19 with the minimal amount of travelling occurring. With that in mind, tourism industry is still a problem that needs to be addressed. There are multiple options that scientists and governments are looking into to minimize the problem. The options that are being looked into is implementing taxes, regulating travelling and carbon offsetting. There are problems with implementing of carbon offsetting programs. One of the problems is having people worker/volunteers that are available which are important for the success of the projects.

Land use, land-use change and forestry
Management of the carbon tree storage is called forest offsets. Forest offsets can reduce the cost of stabilizing the atmosphere by 80%. This depends on the information that is on the forest in size, geographic distribution, and changes over time to the forest physical qualities. The Landsat is the instrument that gathers the data about the forest physical qualities. The instrument of Landsat have both benefits and disadvantages. When the cost of Landsat is smaller than the information then there is a profit to be made, but the global Landsat is a net loss because the cost of the Landsat is more than the information gathered. It is found that the Landsat can discount annually 1 billion dollars in today's values. There are no other uses for Landsat and if there were more uses then there would be more profit to Landsat. Trees are efficient at sequestering the carbon from the atmosphere. The removal of trees is 7-30% of the greenhouse gasses.

Quality assurance Standard for Carbon Offsetting (QAS)
The goals of the government around the world is to decrease the levels of carbon emissions by a certain date. An example of a government goal is Germany, their goal is to decrease the carbon emissions by 95% by 2050.