User:Nikhil venkat konagala/Genetic recombination

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=== A co'''mprehensive theory of genetic recombination is put forward. The idea that recombination begins with a single-strand (or asymmetric) transfer and progresses to a two-strand (or symmetric) exchange through isomerization is its key novel component. The likelihood of this shift from asymmetric to symmetric strand exchange influences specific recombination characteristics in every given organism .''' ===

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Gene Conversion

The genome's diversification is significantly aided by genetic recombination. In actuality, the fundamental foundation of genomic evolution is the recombination of sequences. A library of novel amalgamated sequences is produced by permuting genomic sequences in both random and non-random ways. (The fitness and survival of cells can be determined by these freshly created genomes.)3 The evolution of new genomes in bacteria is fueled by both homologous and non-homologous types of recombination, and these genomes ultimately determine how well bacteria can adapt to various environmental situations. During meiosis, a single cell divides Two times and forms 4 cells with 1/2 the original number of chromosomes, human resources cause gene crossovers. (This indicates that two essentially similar sequence-containing regions of the same chromosome split and then reconnected, but to a different end piece)1. Even though the homologous chromosomes' DNA sequences are slightly different, the gene's function is unaffected. (However, the allele or phenotype of the gene may change. For instance, if gene codes for a feature like hair colour, the precise phenotype whether the hair would be black, blonde, or red is determined by the allele)2 At each gene locus in humans, there are two alleles of the same gene, one from each parent. This distribution is altered through recombination, such as gene conversion, which also modifies the gene's shape or expression in the progeny.

Conversion of genomic types

(A) Translocations [between non-allelic gene copies on sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes] that occur suddenly.

(B) In cis, interlocus mutation transfer activities (between non-allelic gene copies residing on the same chromatid).

(C) Interallelic transformation events between homologous chromosome alleles.

References


 * 1) Slightom, J. L., Blechi, A. E. &     Smithies, O. Human fetal Gγ- and Aγ-globin genes: complete nucleotide     sequences suggest that DNA can be exchanged between these duplicated genes.     Cell 21, 627–638 (1980).

2.     Paques, F. & Haber, J. E. Multiple pathways of recombination induced by double-strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ''Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.'' 63, 349–404 (1999).