User:Nikollegstorey17/sandbox

Outline:

- 10 species, 33 subspecies (1977)

- 2 claids based off dental measurements (1992)

- 15 species, no subspecies (Rylands, 2000)

- Live of both banks of the Tocantins river

- S.niger and S. medas are monofiletic (common anncestors), those two are closest related based of mitochondrial DNA

- The differences between the different banks is as great as the difference between S. Midas and S. nigers

- Suggests that the Tocantins river is a gene flow barrier

Taxonomy:

The first ever classification of the Saguinus tamarins contained ten different species, and then further divided up into 33 morphotypes based on facial pelage. (Hershkovitz,1977) Then sixteen years after the first classification, (Found in Tocantins River As An Effective Barrier To Gene Flow In Saguinus Niger Population, Natori and Hanihara,1992) Natori and Hanihara came up with a new way to classify the Saguinus tamarins based on variations in dental measurements. Based off of the dental measurements they were broken into two clades. (1992) After the two clades based on dental measurements, Rylands presented a new way to classify the Saguinus tamarins. He broke them up into fifteen species with no sub species. This is the most recent classification. The S. Niger has been discovered on both banks of the Tocantins. The S.Niger and S.Midas are common ancestors, it has been found that the S. Niger were more closely related based off of mitochondrial DNA, to the S. Midas on the other side of the river on the bank of Uatuma. Which reveals that the river has created a divide between the two different populations of S. Niger on opposite sides of the Tocantins river. The difference between the two populations of the S. Niger is as great as the distance of the river between them. The river has created a gene flow barrier.

Bibliography

Ana Cristina M. Oliveira, and Ferrari Stephen F. "Seed Dispersal by Black-Handed Tamarins,

Saguinus Midas Niger (Callitrichinae, Primates): Implications for the Regeneration of

Degraded Forest Habitats in Eastern Amazonia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 16.5

(2000): 709-16. Web.

Knogge, C., & Heymann, E. W. (2003). Seed dispersal by sympatric tamarins, saguinus mystax

and saguinus fuscicollis: Diversity and characteristics of plant species. Folia

Primatologica, 74(1), 33-47. Retrieved from http://becker.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://

search.proquest.com.becker.idm.oclc.org/docview/219364588?accountid=35619

Life science research; recent findings in anatomy, histology and embryology described by

researchers from federal rural university (anatomic study of the collateral branches of the

abdominal aorta of primate species saguinus niger). (2015). Life Science Weekly,, 2422.

Retrieved from http://becker.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://

search.proquest.com.becker.idm.oclc.org/docview/1662023799?accountid=35619

Meireles C, Sampaio I, Schneider H, Ferrari SF, Coimbra-Filho AF, Pissinati A and Schneider

MPC (1997) A comparative study of eleven protein systems in tamarins, genus Saguinus

(Platyrrhini, Callitrichinae). Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20:13-19.

Natori M and Hanihara T (1992) Variations in dental measurements between Saguinus species

and their systematic relationships. Folia Primatol 58:84-92.

"Notes on the Western Black-handed Tamarin, Saguinus Niger (É. Geoffroy, 1803) (primates)

from an Amazonia-cerrado Ecotone in Central-western Brazil: New Data on Its Southern

Limits." Research Gate. N.p., 14 Dec. 2015. Web.

Oliveira, A. C., M., & Ferrari, S. F. (2008). Habitat exploitation by free-ranging saguinus niger in

eastern amazonia. International Journal of Primatology, 29(6), 1499-1510. doi:http://

dx.doi.org.becker.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10764-008-9321-2

"Support the." Saguinus Niger (Black-handed Tamarin). N.p., n.d. Web. 19 June 2016.

"Tocantins River as an Effective Barrier to Gene Flow in Saguinus Niger Populations." Tocantins

River as an Effective Barrier to Gene Flow in Saguinus Niger Populations. N.p., 24 Oct.

2005. Web. 19 June 2016.

Tagliaro CH, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Schneider P, Vallinoto M and Stanhope M (2005)

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Saguinus (Platyrrhini, Primates) based on the ND1

mitochondrial gene and implications for conservation. Genetics and Molecular Biology

28:46-53.