User:Ninaoghoore/sandbox

Auroras happen when protons and electrons or charged particles and gases in the Earth's atmosphere crash into each other, creating tiny flares of light that decorate the sky with colorful light. Billions of these tiny flares occur in sequence causing the lights to seem like they are dancing or moving. The lights in the Northern hemisphere are called Aurora Borealis or simply The Northern Lights while the lights in the Southern hemisphere are called Aurora Australis or simply The Southern Lights. The AuroraMax project is an outreach and education initiative carried out by the combined effort of The Canadian Space Agency, Astronomy North, University of Calgary and The city of Yellowknife in Yellowknife Northwest Territories. Auroras are natural exhibition of lights that can be seen by the naked eyes.

The purpose of the project is to monitor the frequency and intensity of the Aurora Borealis(Northern lights) in the years that led up to the Solar Maximum that was scheduled to occur in 2013. The AuroraMax was created to explore and discover the wonder and science behind phenomena such as sunspots, Earth's magnetic field, space weather and the magnificent Northern lights of Canada. The AuroraMax also has a website where everyone and anyone can view and admire the lights and the other wonders explored in the project in real time.

Auroras are a product of the sun's activity, therefore the beautiful colorful lights seen at night are often caused by activities by the sun 150 kilometers away. The sun sends out a constant flow of charged particles known as solar wind, when these winds or eruptions are pointed or directed at the Earth, they can spark up sun-induced auroras. The greater the activity of the sun, the brighter the auroras we see. The colors of the aurora are determined by four elements which are; the density of the atmosphere, the composition of gases in the Earth's atmosphere, the altitude where aurora occurs and the level energy involved. The most common color seem is green, which is caused when the charged particles collide with oxygen at lower altitudes between 100-300kilometers. Occasionally, the ends or tips of the aurora have a pink or crimson fringe, this is caused by the presence of nitrogen molecules. In the upper atmosphere between 300-400kilometers, red instead of green is caused by the collision with atomic oxygen. It takes longer for the lights to be produced at higher altitudes because the atmosphere is less dense so it takes more energy and more time for the red lights to be produced. Blue and purple lights are also produced by the collision with hydrogen and helium but they are difficult for the eyes to see against the night sky.